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EFFECTS OF TOP MANAGEMENT SUPPORT ON KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER AND SHARING: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF TRUST
Corresponding Author(s) : Abdul Halim Abdul Majid
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 7 No. 1 (2019): January
Abstract
Purpose: This paper examines the relationship between top management support and knowledge transfer and sharing in Multimedia Super Corridor MSC status organizations, using trust as a mediator. A theoretical model was tested through a survey carried out by 132 middle managers in MSC status organizations in Malaysia.
Methodology: Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed for data analysis.
Results: The obtained results show that the top management support will facilitate knowledge transfer and sharing.
Implications: The empirical evidence confirmed that the direct and indirect relationships between top management support, trust and knowledge transfer, and sharing were found to be fully supported, including the relationship between trust and knowledge transfer and sharing. Finally, trust fully mediates the relationship between top management support and knowledge transfer and sharing.
Keywords
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- Aboyassin, N.A. and N. Abood, 2013. The effect of ineffective leadership on individual and organizational performance in Jordanian institutions. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 23(1): 68-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/10595421311296632
- Al-Adaileh, R.M. and M.S. Al-Atawi, 2011. Organizational culture impact on knowledge exchange: Saudi telecom context. Journal of Knowledge Management, 15(2): 212-230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13673271111119664
- Alfauzan, A.A. and N. Tarchouna, 2017. The role of aligned curriculum design in the achievement of learning outcomes. Journal of Education and e-Learning Research, 4(3): 81-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.509.2017.43.81.91
- Al-Kurdi, O., R. El-Haddadeh and T. Eldabi, 2018. Knowledge sharing in higher education institutions: A systematic review. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 31(2): 226-246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-09-2017-0129
- Auf, M.A.A., H. Meddour, O. Saoula, and A.H.A. Majid, 2018. Consumer buying behavior: The roles of price, motivation, perceived culture importance, and religious. Journal of Business and Retail Management Research, 12(4): 186-195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24052/JBRMR/V12IS04/ART-18
- Bartram, T. and G. Casimir, 2007. The relationship between leadership and follower in-role performance and satisfaction with the leader: The mediating effects of empowerment and trust in the leader. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 28(1): 4-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730710718218
- Burmeister, A. and J. Deller, 2016. A practical perspective on repatriate knowledge transfer: The influence of organizational support practices. Journal of Global Mobility, 4(1): 68-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JGM-09-2015-0041
- Castro, M., 2018. A didactic experiment with cinema-Portuguese emigration and a sense of belonging. Global Journal of Social Sciences Studies, 4(2): 70-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20448/807.4.2.70.77
- Cruz, M.N., P.V. MartÃn and C.C. Trevilla, 2009. The influence of employee motivation on knowledge transfer. Journal of Knowledge Management, 13(6): 478-490. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270910997132
- Daghfous, A., O. Belkhodja and N. Ahmad, 2018. Understanding and managing knowledge transfer for customers in IT adoption. Information Technology & People, 31(2): 428-454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-10-2016-0222
- Daud, S. and W. Yusuf, 2008. An empirical study of knowledge management processes in small and medium enterprises. Communications of the IBIMA, 4(22): 169-177.
- Daud, S., 2012. Knowledge management processes in SMES and large firms: A comparative evaluation. African Journal of Business Management, 6(11): 4223-4233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM11.2486
- Daud, S., and W.F.W. Yusoff, 2010. Knowledge management and firm performance in SMEs: The role of social capital as a mediating variable. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 15(2): 135-155.
- Evans, M.M., 2012. Knowledge sharing: An empirical study of the role of trust and other social-cognitive factors in an organizational setting. The University of Toronto.
- Fernandez-Perez, V., G.-M.V. Jesus, and B.-S.O. Fernando, 2012. The effects of ceos' social networks on organizational performance through knowledge and strategic flexibility. Personnel Review, 41(6): 777-812. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00483481211263719
- GarcÃa-Sánchez, E., J. Guerrero-Villegas and J. Aguilera-Caracuel, 2019. How do technological skills improve reverse logistics? The moderating role of top management support in information technology use and innovativeness. Sustainability, 11(1): 58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010058
- Giampaoli, D., M. Ciambotti and N. Bontis, 2017. Knowledge management, problem solving and performance in top Italian firms. Journal of Knowledge Management, 21(2): 355-375. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-03-2016-0113
- Hair, F.J., J., M. Sarstedt, L.G. Hopkins and V. Kuppelwieser, 2014. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2): 106-121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128
- Hayes, A.F. and K.J. Preacher, 2010. Quantifying and testing indirect effects in simple mediation models when the constituent paths are nonlinear. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 45(4): 627-660. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2010.498290
- Intezari, A., N. Taskin and D.J. Pauleen, 2017. Looking beyond knowledge sharing: An integrative approach to knowledge management culture. Journal of Knowledge Management, 21(2): 492-515. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-06-2016-0216
- Irbawati, W.N., I. Wiryokusumo, and I.P. Leksono, 2019. The effects of conventional method, mind mapping method, and learning motivation on thematic learning outcomes in 3rd grade of elementary school. International Journal of Educational Technology and Learning, 5(1): 25-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20448/2003.51.25.31
- Jahani, S., T. Ramayah and A.A. Effendi, 2011. Area reward system and leadership important in knowledge sharing among academics? American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, 3(1): 87-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3844/ajebasp.2011.87.94
- Joseph, C.S. and J. Winston, 2005. Defining and measuring servant leadership behavior in organizations. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 30(1): 4-15.
- Khozaei, F., T. Ramayah, H.A. Sanusi and L. Surienty, 2012. Sense of attachment to place and fulfilled preferences, the mediating role of housing satisfaction. Property Management, 30(3): 292-310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02637471211233945
- Lakshman, C., 2007. Organizational knowledge leadership: A grounded theory approach. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 28(1): 51-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730710718245
- Lee, H. and B. Choi, 2003. Knowledge management enablers, processes, and organizational performance: An integrative view and empirical examination. Journal of Management Information Systems, 20(1): 179-228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2003.11045756
- Levin, D.Z. and R. Cross, 2004. The strength of weak ties you can trust: The mediating role of trust in effective knowledge transfer. Management Science, 50(11): 1477-1490. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1030.0136
- Lin, H.F., 2007. Knowledge sharing and firm innovation capability: An empirical study. International Journal of Manpower, 28(3/4): 315-332. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01437720710755272
- Ling, C.T.N., 2011. Culture and trust in fostering knowledge-sharing. Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management, 9(4): 328-339.
- McMurray, A.J., M. Islam, J.C. Sarros and A. Pirola-Merlo, 2012. The impact of leadership on workgroup climate and performance in a non-profit organization. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 33(6): 522-549. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01437731211253000
- Moustafa, H., F.B. Tourkia and R.M. Ramadan, 2017. Application of artificial neural networks modeling for evaluation of eLearning/training convergence time. American Journal of Education and Learning, 2(2): 159-179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20448/804.2.2.159.179
- Mukherjee, D., S. Lahiri, D. Mukherjee, and T.K. Billing, 2012. Leading virtual teams: How do social, cognitive, and behavioral capabilities matter? Management Decision, 50(2): 273-290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741211203560
- Muneer, S., S.M.J. Iqbal, R. Khan, and C.S. Long, 2014. An incorporated structure of perceived organizational support, knowledge-sharing behavior, organizational trust, and organizational commitment: A strategic knowledge management approach. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 8(1): 42-57.
- Naeem, A., N.H. Mirza, R.M. Ayyub, and R.N. Lodhi, 2019. HRM practices and faculty's knowledge sharing behavior: mediation of affective commitment and affect-based trust. Studies in Higher Education, 44(3): 499-512. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2017.1378635
- Neupane, A., J. Soar, K. Vaidya, and J. Yong, 2014. Willingness to adopt e-procurement to reduce corruption: Results of the PLS Path Modeling. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 8(4): 500-520. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-03-2014-0007
- Osmani, M., A.R.M. Zaidi, and M. Nilashi, 2014. Motivational factors, trust, and knowledge sharing in organizations. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, 12(2): 463-474.
- Pangil, F. and C.J. Moi, 2014. The mediating effect of knowledge sharing on the relationship between trust and virtual team effectiveness. Journal of Knowledge Management, 18(1): 92-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-09-2013-0341
- Paul, M., 2014. Ensuring quality provision of education for all: Discovering challenges faced by teachers of students with learning disabilities in regular primary schools in Masvingo District. International Journal of Public Policy and Administration Research, 1(1): 26-37.
- Rempel, J.K., J.G. Holmes, and M.P. Zanna, 1985. Trust in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49(1): 95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.49.1.95
- Rhodes, J., R. Hung, P. Lok, B. Ya-Hui Lien, and C.M. Wu, 2008. Factors influencing organizational knowledge transfer: Implication for corporate performance. Journal of Knowledge Management, 12(3): 84-100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270810875886
- Riege, A., 2005. Three-dozen knowledge-sharing barriers managers must consider. Journal of Knowledge Management, 9(3): 18-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270510602746
- Sai, F., 2017. Exploring learning experience in a total enterprise simulation based on means-end theory. International Journal of Management and Sustainability, 6(3): 54-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.11.2017.63.54.62
- Saini, M., M. Arif, and D.J. Kulonda, 2018. Critical factors for transferring and sharing tacit knowledge within lean and agile construction processes. Construction Innovation, 18(1): 64-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CI-06-2016-0036
- Sandhu, S.M., J. Kishore, K. and K.b.A. Umi, I., 2011. Knowledge sharing among public sector employees: evidence from Malaysia. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 24(3): 206-226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09513551111121347
- Saoula, O. and H. Johari, 2016. The mediating effect of organizational citizenship behavior on the relationship between perceived organizational support and turnover intention: A proposed framework. International Review of Management and Marketing, 6(7S): 345-354.
- Saoula, O., H. Johari, and M. Fareed, 2018. A conceptualization of the role of organizational learning culture and organizational citizenship behavior in reducing turnover intention. Journal of Business and Retail Management Research, 12(4): 132-140. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24052/JBRMR/V12IS04/ART-13
- Saoula, O., H. Johari, and M.A. Bhatti, 2016. The mediating effect of organizational citizenship behavior on the relationship between personality traits (big five) and turnover intention: A proposed framework. International Business Management, 10(20): 4755-4766.
- Svensson, G. and G. Wood, 2006. Sustainable components of leadership effectiveness in organizational performance. Journal of Management Development, 25(6): 522-534. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710610670100
- Van Der Bank, C.M. and M. Van Der Bank, 2014. Learning-centered environments supporting the environment of E-learning in South Africa in law class. Humanities and Social Sciences Letters, 2(2): 93-107.
- Waheed, H., T.M. Qureshi, M.A. Khan, and S.T. Hijazi, 2013. The mediating role of knowledge sharing: Organizational performance for competitive advantage and innovation. African Journal of Business Management, 7(7): 536-547.
- Wang, X., Y. Xi, J. Xie, and Y. Zhao, 2017. Organizational unlearning and knowledge transfer in cross-border M & A: The roles of routine and knowledge compatibility. Journal of Knowledge Management, 21(6): 1580-1595. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-03-2017-0091
- Wei, C.C., C.C. Siong and Y.W. Kuan, 2009. Is the Malaysian telecommunication industry ready for knowledge management implementation? Journal of Knowledge Management, 13(1): 69-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270910931170
- Yang, Y., 2012. Bilateral inter-organizational learning in corporate venture capital activity: Governance characteristics, knowledge transfer, and performance. Management Research Review, 35(5): 352-378. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01409171211222278
- Yanga, J.Y. and Y.C. Yenb, 2016. College students' perspectives on the E-Learning system used in high education. Asian Journal of Education and Training, 2(2): 53-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.522/2016.2.2/522.2.53.62
- Yu, S.H., Y.G. Kim and M.Y. Kim, 2004. Linking organizational knowledge management drivers to knowledge management performance: An exploratory study. Paper Presented at the System Sciences, 2004. Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference.
- Yusof, Z. and M.B. Ismail, 2009. Is there a relationship between knowledge sharing practice and the quality of service delivery? A case study of three government agencies in Malaysia. Journal of Knowledge Management, 10(1): 1-13.
References
Aboyassin, N.A. and N. Abood, 2013. The effect of ineffective leadership on individual and organizational performance in Jordanian institutions. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 23(1): 68-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/10595421311296632
Al-Adaileh, R.M. and M.S. Al-Atawi, 2011. Organizational culture impact on knowledge exchange: Saudi telecom context. Journal of Knowledge Management, 15(2): 212-230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13673271111119664
Alfauzan, A.A. and N. Tarchouna, 2017. The role of aligned curriculum design in the achievement of learning outcomes. Journal of Education and e-Learning Research, 4(3): 81-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.509.2017.43.81.91
Al-Kurdi, O., R. El-Haddadeh and T. Eldabi, 2018. Knowledge sharing in higher education institutions: A systematic review. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 31(2): 226-246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-09-2017-0129
Auf, M.A.A., H. Meddour, O. Saoula, and A.H.A. Majid, 2018. Consumer buying behavior: The roles of price, motivation, perceived culture importance, and religious. Journal of Business and Retail Management Research, 12(4): 186-195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24052/JBRMR/V12IS04/ART-18
Bartram, T. and G. Casimir, 2007. The relationship between leadership and follower in-role performance and satisfaction with the leader: The mediating effects of empowerment and trust in the leader. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 28(1): 4-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730710718218
Burmeister, A. and J. Deller, 2016. A practical perspective on repatriate knowledge transfer: The influence of organizational support practices. Journal of Global Mobility, 4(1): 68-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JGM-09-2015-0041
Castro, M., 2018. A didactic experiment with cinema-Portuguese emigration and a sense of belonging. Global Journal of Social Sciences Studies, 4(2): 70-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20448/807.4.2.70.77
Cruz, M.N., P.V. MartÃn and C.C. Trevilla, 2009. The influence of employee motivation on knowledge transfer. Journal of Knowledge Management, 13(6): 478-490. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270910997132
Daghfous, A., O. Belkhodja and N. Ahmad, 2018. Understanding and managing knowledge transfer for customers in IT adoption. Information Technology & People, 31(2): 428-454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-10-2016-0222
Daud, S. and W. Yusuf, 2008. An empirical study of knowledge management processes in small and medium enterprises. Communications of the IBIMA, 4(22): 169-177.
Daud, S., 2012. Knowledge management processes in SMES and large firms: A comparative evaluation. African Journal of Business Management, 6(11): 4223-4233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM11.2486
Daud, S., and W.F.W. Yusoff, 2010. Knowledge management and firm performance in SMEs: The role of social capital as a mediating variable. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 15(2): 135-155.
Evans, M.M., 2012. Knowledge sharing: An empirical study of the role of trust and other social-cognitive factors in an organizational setting. The University of Toronto.
Fernandez-Perez, V., G.-M.V. Jesus, and B.-S.O. Fernando, 2012. The effects of ceos' social networks on organizational performance through knowledge and strategic flexibility. Personnel Review, 41(6): 777-812. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00483481211263719
GarcÃa-Sánchez, E., J. Guerrero-Villegas and J. Aguilera-Caracuel, 2019. How do technological skills improve reverse logistics? The moderating role of top management support in information technology use and innovativeness. Sustainability, 11(1): 58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010058
Giampaoli, D., M. Ciambotti and N. Bontis, 2017. Knowledge management, problem solving and performance in top Italian firms. Journal of Knowledge Management, 21(2): 355-375. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-03-2016-0113
Hair, F.J., J., M. Sarstedt, L.G. Hopkins and V. Kuppelwieser, 2014. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2): 106-121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128
Hayes, A.F. and K.J. Preacher, 2010. Quantifying and testing indirect effects in simple mediation models when the constituent paths are nonlinear. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 45(4): 627-660. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2010.498290
Intezari, A., N. Taskin and D.J. Pauleen, 2017. Looking beyond knowledge sharing: An integrative approach to knowledge management culture. Journal of Knowledge Management, 21(2): 492-515. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-06-2016-0216
Irbawati, W.N., I. Wiryokusumo, and I.P. Leksono, 2019. The effects of conventional method, mind mapping method, and learning motivation on thematic learning outcomes in 3rd grade of elementary school. International Journal of Educational Technology and Learning, 5(1): 25-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20448/2003.51.25.31
Jahani, S., T. Ramayah and A.A. Effendi, 2011. Area reward system and leadership important in knowledge sharing among academics? American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, 3(1): 87-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3844/ajebasp.2011.87.94
Joseph, C.S. and J. Winston, 2005. Defining and measuring servant leadership behavior in organizations. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 30(1): 4-15.
Khozaei, F., T. Ramayah, H.A. Sanusi and L. Surienty, 2012. Sense of attachment to place and fulfilled preferences, the mediating role of housing satisfaction. Property Management, 30(3): 292-310. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02637471211233945
Lakshman, C., 2007. Organizational knowledge leadership: A grounded theory approach. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 28(1): 51-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730710718245
Lee, H. and B. Choi, 2003. Knowledge management enablers, processes, and organizational performance: An integrative view and empirical examination. Journal of Management Information Systems, 20(1): 179-228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2003.11045756
Levin, D.Z. and R. Cross, 2004. The strength of weak ties you can trust: The mediating role of trust in effective knowledge transfer. Management Science, 50(11): 1477-1490. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1030.0136
Lin, H.F., 2007. Knowledge sharing and firm innovation capability: An empirical study. International Journal of Manpower, 28(3/4): 315-332. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01437720710755272
Ling, C.T.N., 2011. Culture and trust in fostering knowledge-sharing. Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management, 9(4): 328-339.
McMurray, A.J., M. Islam, J.C. Sarros and A. Pirola-Merlo, 2012. The impact of leadership on workgroup climate and performance in a non-profit organization. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 33(6): 522-549. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01437731211253000
Moustafa, H., F.B. Tourkia and R.M. Ramadan, 2017. Application of artificial neural networks modeling for evaluation of eLearning/training convergence time. American Journal of Education and Learning, 2(2): 159-179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20448/804.2.2.159.179
Mukherjee, D., S. Lahiri, D. Mukherjee, and T.K. Billing, 2012. Leading virtual teams: How do social, cognitive, and behavioral capabilities matter? Management Decision, 50(2): 273-290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741211203560
Muneer, S., S.M.J. Iqbal, R. Khan, and C.S. Long, 2014. An incorporated structure of perceived organizational support, knowledge-sharing behavior, organizational trust, and organizational commitment: A strategic knowledge management approach. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 8(1): 42-57.
Naeem, A., N.H. Mirza, R.M. Ayyub, and R.N. Lodhi, 2019. HRM practices and faculty's knowledge sharing behavior: mediation of affective commitment and affect-based trust. Studies in Higher Education, 44(3): 499-512. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2017.1378635
Neupane, A., J. Soar, K. Vaidya, and J. Yong, 2014. Willingness to adopt e-procurement to reduce corruption: Results of the PLS Path Modeling. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 8(4): 500-520. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-03-2014-0007
Osmani, M., A.R.M. Zaidi, and M. Nilashi, 2014. Motivational factors, trust, and knowledge sharing in organizations. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, 12(2): 463-474.
Pangil, F. and C.J. Moi, 2014. The mediating effect of knowledge sharing on the relationship between trust and virtual team effectiveness. Journal of Knowledge Management, 18(1): 92-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-09-2013-0341
Paul, M., 2014. Ensuring quality provision of education for all: Discovering challenges faced by teachers of students with learning disabilities in regular primary schools in Masvingo District. International Journal of Public Policy and Administration Research, 1(1): 26-37.
Rempel, J.K., J.G. Holmes, and M.P. Zanna, 1985. Trust in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49(1): 95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.49.1.95
Rhodes, J., R. Hung, P. Lok, B. Ya-Hui Lien, and C.M. Wu, 2008. Factors influencing organizational knowledge transfer: Implication for corporate performance. Journal of Knowledge Management, 12(3): 84-100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270810875886
Riege, A., 2005. Three-dozen knowledge-sharing barriers managers must consider. Journal of Knowledge Management, 9(3): 18-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270510602746
Sai, F., 2017. Exploring learning experience in a total enterprise simulation based on means-end theory. International Journal of Management and Sustainability, 6(3): 54-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.11.2017.63.54.62
Saini, M., M. Arif, and D.J. Kulonda, 2018. Critical factors for transferring and sharing tacit knowledge within lean and agile construction processes. Construction Innovation, 18(1): 64-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CI-06-2016-0036
Sandhu, S.M., J. Kishore, K. and K.b.A. Umi, I., 2011. Knowledge sharing among public sector employees: evidence from Malaysia. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 24(3): 206-226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09513551111121347
Saoula, O. and H. Johari, 2016. The mediating effect of organizational citizenship behavior on the relationship between perceived organizational support and turnover intention: A proposed framework. International Review of Management and Marketing, 6(7S): 345-354.
Saoula, O., H. Johari, and M. Fareed, 2018. A conceptualization of the role of organizational learning culture and organizational citizenship behavior in reducing turnover intention. Journal of Business and Retail Management Research, 12(4): 132-140. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24052/JBRMR/V12IS04/ART-13
Saoula, O., H. Johari, and M.A. Bhatti, 2016. The mediating effect of organizational citizenship behavior on the relationship between personality traits (big five) and turnover intention: A proposed framework. International Business Management, 10(20): 4755-4766.
Svensson, G. and G. Wood, 2006. Sustainable components of leadership effectiveness in organizational performance. Journal of Management Development, 25(6): 522-534. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710610670100
Van Der Bank, C.M. and M. Van Der Bank, 2014. Learning-centered environments supporting the environment of E-learning in South Africa in law class. Humanities and Social Sciences Letters, 2(2): 93-107.
Waheed, H., T.M. Qureshi, M.A. Khan, and S.T. Hijazi, 2013. The mediating role of knowledge sharing: Organizational performance for competitive advantage and innovation. African Journal of Business Management, 7(7): 536-547.
Wang, X., Y. Xi, J. Xie, and Y. Zhao, 2017. Organizational unlearning and knowledge transfer in cross-border M & A: The roles of routine and knowledge compatibility. Journal of Knowledge Management, 21(6): 1580-1595. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-03-2017-0091
Wei, C.C., C.C. Siong and Y.W. Kuan, 2009. Is the Malaysian telecommunication industry ready for knowledge management implementation? Journal of Knowledge Management, 13(1): 69-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270910931170
Yang, Y., 2012. Bilateral inter-organizational learning in corporate venture capital activity: Governance characteristics, knowledge transfer, and performance. Management Research Review, 35(5): 352-378. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01409171211222278
Yanga, J.Y. and Y.C. Yenb, 2016. College students' perspectives on the E-Learning system used in high education. Asian Journal of Education and Training, 2(2): 53-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.522/2016.2.2/522.2.53.62
Yu, S.H., Y.G. Kim and M.Y. Kim, 2004. Linking organizational knowledge management drivers to knowledge management performance: An exploratory study. Paper Presented at the System Sciences, 2004. Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference.
Yusof, Z. and M.B. Ismail, 2009. Is there a relationship between knowledge sharing practice and the quality of service delivery? A case study of three government agencies in Malaysia. Journal of Knowledge Management, 10(1): 1-13.