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INFORMAL LEARNING: AN INNOVATION TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN EDUCATION
Corresponding Author(s) : Antima Sharma
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 7 No. 4 (2019): July
Abstract
Purpose of the study: The main purpose of this study is to identify how informal learning is an innovation in the education system for sustainable development of country and throw light on the role of informal learning in education for sustainable development and to identify the different ways of informal learning in education system.
Methodology: This study is based on secondary data. The data has been collected from different journals, books, magazines, websites and different studies related to informal learning, education and sustainable development. The collected data has been extracted, reviewed, and concluded to identify how informal learning is an innovation towards sustainable development in education. The informal ways of learning in education can be the tool for sustainable development of a nation by providing better learning opportunities to the next generation students.
Main Findings: Informal learning is a developing and innovative tool in education. Some of the informal ways of learning are self-learning approach, practical and interactive sessions on social issues, web-based learning, and informal conversation among students through creating informal spaces.
Applications of this study: This study can be helpful is to provide a new innovative way of learning in the education of students for next generation. These ways of informal learning can be used by schools/colleges/institutes for learning of students.
Novelty/Originality of this study: In this study informal ways among students learning has been described and their outcomes which can be used by schools/colleges/institutes as an innovative learning tool for better understanding of students. Not much work has been done in this area in India and informal learning is totally a new concept among students and in academics.
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- Boud, D. (2000).Sustainable assessment: rethinking assessment for the learning society. Studies in continuing education, 22(2), 151-167. https://doi.org/10.1080/713695728 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/713695728
- Pozgaj, Z. (2008). Informal learning in lifelong education. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 3, 50-53.
- Ebner, M., Lienhardt, C., Rohs, M., & Meyer, I. (2010). Microblogs in Higher Education–A chance to facilitate informal and process-oriented learning. Computers & Education, 55(1), 92-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.12.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.12.006
- Kassens-Noor, E. (2012). Twitter as a teaching practice to enhance active and informal learning in higher education: The case of sustainable tweets. Active Learning in Higher Education, 13(1), 9-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787411429190 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787411429190
- Barnett, K. (2012). Student interns’ socially constructed work realities: Narrowing the work expectation-reality gap. Business Communication Quarterly, 75(3), 271-290. https://doi.org/10.1177/1080569912441360 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1080569912441360
- Marques, M. A., Viegas, M. C., Alves, G. R., Zangrando, V., Galanis, N., Brouns, F., ... & GarcÃa-Peñalvo, F. J. (2013). Managing informal learning in higher education contexts: the learners’ perspective.
- Redecker, C., & Punie, Y. (2013). The future of learning 2025: developing a vision for change. Future Learning, 1, 3-17. https://doi.org/10.7564/13-FULE12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7564/13-FULE12
- Rogers-Chapman, M. F., & Darling-Hammond, L. (2013). Preparing 21st century citizens: The role of work-based learning in linked learning. Stanford Center for Opportunity Policy in Education.
- Augustyniak, S. (2014). The impact of formal and informal learning on students’ improvisational processes. International Journal of Music Education, 32(2), 147-158. https://doi.org/10.1177/0255761413502440 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0255761413502440
- Denson, C., Lammi, M., White, T. F., & Bottomley, L. (2015). Value of informal learning environments for students engaged in engineering design. Journal of Technology Studies, 41(1), 40-46. https://doi.org/10.21061/jots.v41i1.a.5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21061/jots.v41i1.a.5
- Kumar, A., & Bhatt, R. K. (2015). A study of using informal learning spaces at Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1.
- Deka, R. J., & Batra, B. (2016). The scope of skill development, employability of Indian workforce in context of make in India: A study. International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences, 4(4), 275-282.
- Laurie, R., Nonoyama-Tarumi, Y., Mckeown, R., & Hopkins, C. (2016). Contributions of education for sustainable development (ESD) to quality education: A synthesis of research. Journal of Education for Sustainable development, 10(2), 226-242. https://doi.org/10.1177/0973408216661442 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0973408216661442
- Sharma, L., & Nagendra, A. (2016). Skill Development in India: Challenges and Opportunities. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(48), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i48/107324 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i48/107324
- Shoshani, A., & Eldor, L. (2016). The informal learning of teachers: Learning climate, job satisfaction and teachers’ and students’ motivation and well-being. International Journal of Educational Research, 79, 52-63.
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2016.06.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2016.06.007
- Sorte, S. R., & Rathod, S. B. (2016). Medical Education/Original Article Social Networking Sites As Informal.
- Lu, P., Cong, X., Bi, F., & Zhou, D. (2017, March). The research on informal learning model of college students based on SNS and case study. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 820, No. 1, p. 012025). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/820/1/012025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/820/1/012025
- Prasad Jagdish & Purohit D.G.M, (2017). A Study: Skill Development, Employability and Entrepreneurship Through Make in India. Journal of Engineering Research and Application, 7,12,18-28.
- 16.http://infed.org/mobi/what-is-informal-education.
- Bernard Bull, “Why Informal Learning is an Important Part of Future Successâ€, Etale, 2016.
- UNESCO,2014,https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/your-university/sustainability/sustainability-education/esd
- ICRIER,2016,https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-unlikely-to-develop-through-unskilled-labour-icrier/articleshow/50872075.cms?from=mdr
References
Boud, D. (2000).Sustainable assessment: rethinking assessment for the learning society. Studies in continuing education, 22(2), 151-167. https://doi.org/10.1080/713695728 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/713695728
Pozgaj, Z. (2008). Informal learning in lifelong education. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 3, 50-53.
Ebner, M., Lienhardt, C., Rohs, M., & Meyer, I. (2010). Microblogs in Higher Education–A chance to facilitate informal and process-oriented learning. Computers & Education, 55(1), 92-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.12.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.12.006
Kassens-Noor, E. (2012). Twitter as a teaching practice to enhance active and informal learning in higher education: The case of sustainable tweets. Active Learning in Higher Education, 13(1), 9-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787411429190 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787411429190
Barnett, K. (2012). Student interns’ socially constructed work realities: Narrowing the work expectation-reality gap. Business Communication Quarterly, 75(3), 271-290. https://doi.org/10.1177/1080569912441360 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1080569912441360
Marques, M. A., Viegas, M. C., Alves, G. R., Zangrando, V., Galanis, N., Brouns, F., ... & GarcÃa-Peñalvo, F. J. (2013). Managing informal learning in higher education contexts: the learners’ perspective.
Redecker, C., & Punie, Y. (2013). The future of learning 2025: developing a vision for change. Future Learning, 1, 3-17. https://doi.org/10.7564/13-FULE12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7564/13-FULE12
Rogers-Chapman, M. F., & Darling-Hammond, L. (2013). Preparing 21st century citizens: The role of work-based learning in linked learning. Stanford Center for Opportunity Policy in Education.
Augustyniak, S. (2014). The impact of formal and informal learning on students’ improvisational processes. International Journal of Music Education, 32(2), 147-158. https://doi.org/10.1177/0255761413502440 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0255761413502440
Denson, C., Lammi, M., White, T. F., & Bottomley, L. (2015). Value of informal learning environments for students engaged in engineering design. Journal of Technology Studies, 41(1), 40-46. https://doi.org/10.21061/jots.v41i1.a.5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21061/jots.v41i1.a.5
Kumar, A., & Bhatt, R. K. (2015). A study of using informal learning spaces at Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1.
Deka, R. J., & Batra, B. (2016). The scope of skill development, employability of Indian workforce in context of make in India: A study. International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences, 4(4), 275-282.
Laurie, R., Nonoyama-Tarumi, Y., Mckeown, R., & Hopkins, C. (2016). Contributions of education for sustainable development (ESD) to quality education: A synthesis of research. Journal of Education for Sustainable development, 10(2), 226-242. https://doi.org/10.1177/0973408216661442 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0973408216661442
Sharma, L., & Nagendra, A. (2016). Skill Development in India: Challenges and Opportunities. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(48), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i48/107324 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i48/107324
Shoshani, A., & Eldor, L. (2016). The informal learning of teachers: Learning climate, job satisfaction and teachers’ and students’ motivation and well-being. International Journal of Educational Research, 79, 52-63.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2016.06.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2016.06.007
Sorte, S. R., & Rathod, S. B. (2016). Medical Education/Original Article Social Networking Sites As Informal.
Lu, P., Cong, X., Bi, F., & Zhou, D. (2017, March). The research on informal learning model of college students based on SNS and case study. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 820, No. 1, p. 012025). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/820/1/012025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/820/1/012025
Prasad Jagdish & Purohit D.G.M, (2017). A Study: Skill Development, Employability and Entrepreneurship Through Make in India. Journal of Engineering Research and Application, 7,12,18-28.
16.http://infed.org/mobi/what-is-informal-education.
Bernard Bull, “Why Informal Learning is an Important Part of Future Successâ€, Etale, 2016.
UNESCO,2014,https://www.plymouth.ac.uk/your-university/sustainability/sustainability-education/esd