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“AHIMSA†PRINCIPLE IN THE RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL PRACTICES OF ANCIENT AND CONTEMPORARY INDIA
Corresponding Author(s) : Sergey V. Reznik
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 7 No. 5 (2019): September
Abstract
Purpose: The paper is focused on the development of the ahimsa principle and its specifics in the ideology of ancient and contemporary India, in its religious and cultural practices.
Methodology: An in-depth analysis of the sacred texts of Brahmanism, Jainism, and Hinduism allows to provide a philosophical and anthropological definition of the concepts of violence and non-violence in Indian ideology and its religious and cultural practices. A review of the concepts of violence and non-violence in the religions of contemporary and ancient India is made.
Result: The author concludes that issues of violence and non-violence in religious traditions are primarily based on prerequisites connected with religion and world views resulting from concepts concerning the beginnings of life. Hinduism emerged from concepts of Universal sacrifice as the origin of being, that is why its interpretation of violence and non-violence is different from that in monotheistic religious traditions.
Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.
Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of “AHIMSA†Principle in the Religious and Cultural Practices of Ancient and Contemporary India is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
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- rtukh, Aleksandr, V., & Mulgaupt Konstantin, E. (2013). Forms of violence and cultural-historical typology of terrorism. in: Belgorod State University Scientific Bulletin: Philosophy, Sociology, Law, 16(159), 216-222.
- Borisov Sergei, N., & Shemraev Sergei, A. (2012). Phenomenon of violence: A context of wholeness and partness of the man. in: Belgorod State University Scientific Bulletin: Philosophy, Sociology, Law, 2(121), 199-211.
- Brekke, T. (2015). Bridging the Gap Between Ancient and Modern in the Study of Religion and Violence in India. in: Journal of Religion and Violence, 3(3), 327-334. https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv2015113017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv2015113017
- Frydenlund, I. (2017). Buddhist Militarism Beyond Texts. The Importance of Ritual During the Sri Lankan Civil War. in: Journal of Religion and Violence, 5(1), 27-48. https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv201742537 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv201742537
- Gittinger, Juli L. (2017). “The Rhetoric of Violence, Religion, and Purity in India’s Cow Protection Movementâ€, in: Journal of Religion and Violence, vol. 5 (2), Ñ€p. 131-149. https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv201751540 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv201751540
- Gray, D. B. (2018). The Rhetoric of Violence in the Buddhist Tantras. in: Journal of Religion and Violence, 6(1), 32-51. https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv20185149 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv20185149
- Hegel, Georg (1986 [1827]). Ãœber die unter dem Namen Bhagavad-Gita bekannte Episode des Mahabharata. Von Wilhelm vom Humboldt. in Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Werke, in 20 Bd. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp. Bd, 11.
- Jerryson, M. (2016). Introduction: Buddhism, Blasphemy, and Violence, in: Journal of Religion and Violence, 4(2), 119-127. https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv20164230 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv20164230
- Korom, F. J. (2018). Political Violence in Ancient India. Upinder Singh, in: Journal of Religion and Violence, 6(1), 152-154. https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv2018613 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv2018613
- Mahabharata. Book 6: Bhisma-parva. (2009). Moscow: Ladomir (in Russian).
- Rimskiy, Ðleksey V., Artukh, Aleksandr V. (2009). “Extremism and terrorism: notion and essential formsâ€, in: Belgorod State University Scientific Bulletin: Philosophy, Sociology, Law, 16 (71), pp. 244-249.
- Sangave, V. (1991). The Jaina Path of Ahimsa. URL: http://jainworld.com/pdf/ahimsa.pdf
- Sims, L. E. (2016). Jainism and Nonviolence: From Mahavira to Modern Times. The Downtown Review, 2(1), art. 6.
- Srimad, Bhagavad Gita. Sri Krishna’s illuminations on the Perfection of Yoga. Gosai Publishers. URL: http://srimadbhavadgita.net/bhgavad-gita-online.
- The Classical Yoga (“Yoga Sutras†by Patanjali and “Vyasa Bhashyaâ€) (1992). Moscow: Nauka (in Russian).
- The Upanishads (1879), ed. by Max Mueller. Kindle Edition. Evinity Publishing Inc., 2009. URL: www.sacred-texts.com
- Yu, J. (2018). Reflections on Violence in Asian Religions. in: Journal of Religion and Violence, 6(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv2018611 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv2018611
- Iqbal, M., Richards, J., Noble, R., Weitzman, G., Washofsky, M., Aderibigbe, T., ... & Arora, S. (2009). Faith and fertility: Attitudes towards reproductive practices in different religions from ancient to modern times. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
- Thapar, R. (1989). Imagined religious communities? Ancient history and the modern search for a Hindu identity. Modern Asian Studies, 23(2), 209-231. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X00001049 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X00001049
References
rtukh, Aleksandr, V., & Mulgaupt Konstantin, E. (2013). Forms of violence and cultural-historical typology of terrorism. in: Belgorod State University Scientific Bulletin: Philosophy, Sociology, Law, 16(159), 216-222.
Borisov Sergei, N., & Shemraev Sergei, A. (2012). Phenomenon of violence: A context of wholeness and partness of the man. in: Belgorod State University Scientific Bulletin: Philosophy, Sociology, Law, 2(121), 199-211.
Brekke, T. (2015). Bridging the Gap Between Ancient and Modern in the Study of Religion and Violence in India. in: Journal of Religion and Violence, 3(3), 327-334. https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv2015113017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv2015113017
Frydenlund, I. (2017). Buddhist Militarism Beyond Texts. The Importance of Ritual During the Sri Lankan Civil War. in: Journal of Religion and Violence, 5(1), 27-48. https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv201742537 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv201742537
Gittinger, Juli L. (2017). “The Rhetoric of Violence, Religion, and Purity in India’s Cow Protection Movementâ€, in: Journal of Religion and Violence, vol. 5 (2), Ñ€p. 131-149. https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv201751540 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv201751540
Gray, D. B. (2018). The Rhetoric of Violence in the Buddhist Tantras. in: Journal of Religion and Violence, 6(1), 32-51. https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv20185149 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv20185149
Hegel, Georg (1986 [1827]). Ãœber die unter dem Namen Bhagavad-Gita bekannte Episode des Mahabharata. Von Wilhelm vom Humboldt. in Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Werke, in 20 Bd. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp. Bd, 11.
Jerryson, M. (2016). Introduction: Buddhism, Blasphemy, and Violence, in: Journal of Religion and Violence, 4(2), 119-127. https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv20164230 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv20164230
Korom, F. J. (2018). Political Violence in Ancient India. Upinder Singh, in: Journal of Religion and Violence, 6(1), 152-154. https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv2018613 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv2018613
Mahabharata. Book 6: Bhisma-parva. (2009). Moscow: Ladomir (in Russian).
Rimskiy, Ðleksey V., Artukh, Aleksandr V. (2009). “Extremism and terrorism: notion and essential formsâ€, in: Belgorod State University Scientific Bulletin: Philosophy, Sociology, Law, 16 (71), pp. 244-249.
Sangave, V. (1991). The Jaina Path of Ahimsa. URL: http://jainworld.com/pdf/ahimsa.pdf
Sims, L. E. (2016). Jainism and Nonviolence: From Mahavira to Modern Times. The Downtown Review, 2(1), art. 6.
Srimad, Bhagavad Gita. Sri Krishna’s illuminations on the Perfection of Yoga. Gosai Publishers. URL: http://srimadbhavadgita.net/bhgavad-gita-online.
The Classical Yoga (“Yoga Sutras†by Patanjali and “Vyasa Bhashyaâ€) (1992). Moscow: Nauka (in Russian).
The Upanishads (1879), ed. by Max Mueller. Kindle Edition. Evinity Publishing Inc., 2009. URL: www.sacred-texts.com
Yu, J. (2018). Reflections on Violence in Asian Religions. in: Journal of Religion and Violence, 6(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv2018611 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/jrv2018611
Iqbal, M., Richards, J., Noble, R., Weitzman, G., Washofsky, M., Aderibigbe, T., ... & Arora, S. (2009). Faith and fertility: Attitudes towards reproductive practices in different religions from ancient to modern times. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Thapar, R. (1989). Imagined religious communities? Ancient history and the modern search for a Hindu identity. Modern Asian Studies, 23(2), 209-231. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X00001049 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X00001049