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THE STATE AND THE CHURCH IN RUSSIA IN THE EARLY NEW AGE: CUSTOM AND LAW
Corresponding Author(s) : Tamara I. Lipich
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 7 No. 5 (2019): September
Abstract
Purpose: The article is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of the system of relations that were formed between the Orthodox Church and the authority of the Russian state in the early modern period.
Methodology: The authors, based on the most recent research approaches of the characteristics of early modern states, use a number of examples to show the significant role of the church and its hierarchy which had both an effect on the secular authority actions, limited its power and represented the political role of the Russian state and society.
Result: The authors point out to the informality, unfounded in any formal legislative acts. This informality allowed the church to respond flexibly to the demands of the moment, but at the same time weakened its position. The authors also point out that that being the only independent Orthodox Church; the Russian church imposed certain limitations on its actions as an independent force of the supreme power, which later served as one of the factors that caused the subordination of the church to the state and its transformation into integral element of the machinery of government.
Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.
Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of the State and the Church in Russia in the Early New Age: Custom and Law is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
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- Barkey, K. (2008). Empire of Difference. The Ottomans in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 342. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511790645 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511790645
- Brewer, J. (1989) The sinews of power. War, money and the English state, 1688–1783. London, Unwin Hyman, 253.
- Filyushkin, A. I. (2000). Certificates of Honor of Novgorod Archbishop Theodosius dedicated to "Kazan Capture" / / Hermeneutics of Ancient Russian Literature. Collection 10. M.: IMLI RAN, «Nasledie»: S. 327-346 (In Russian).
- Ivanov, S. A. (2003). Byzantine Missionary: Is it Possible to Make a Christian from a Barbarian? M.: Yazy`ki slavyanskoj kul`tury`: 276 (In Russian).
- Kamenskij, A. B. (1999) Russian Empire in XVIII Century: Traditions and Modernization. M.: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 328 (In Russian).
- Khoroshkevich, A. L. (2003). Russia in the System of International Relations in the middle of XVI century. M.: Drevlexranilishhe: 622 (In Russian).
- Kollmann, N.S. (2012). Crime and Punishment in Early Modern Russia. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 504. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139177535 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139177535
- Lipich, Т. I., et al. (2018). Early Modern Russian State, "Tsar’s Discourse" and Russian Orthodox Church in the XV-XVII Centuries. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 7(2), 683-690. https://doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v7i2.1606 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v7i2.1606
- Litavrin, G. G. (1999). The Idea of the Supreme State Power in Byzantium and Ancient Russia of the pre-Mongol Period. Litavrin G.G. Byzantium and Slavs. St. Petersburg: Aletejya, P. 470-477 (In Russian).
- Mann, M. (1984). The autonomous power of the state: Its origins, mechanisms and results. European Journal of Sociology / Archives Europeennes de Sociologie / Europaisches Archiv fur Soziologie, 25(2), Tending the roots : nationalism and populism: 185-213. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003975600004239 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003975600004239
- Shaposhnik, V. V. (2006). Church-State Relations in Russia in the 30th and 80th of XVI century. St. Petersburg: Publishing House of the St.Petersburg University: 569 p. (In Russian).
- Sinicyna, N. V. (1998). Third Rome. The Origins and Evolution of the Russian Medieval Concept (XV - XVI centuries). M.: Indrik: 416 (In Russian).
- Brower, D. R., & Lazzerini, E. J. (1997). Russia's Orient: imperial borderlands and peoples, 1700-1917. Indiana University Press.
- Burbank, J. (2006). An imperial rights regime: Law and citizenship in the Russian Empire. Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, 7(3), 397-431. https://doi.org/10.1353/kri.2006.0031 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/kri.2006.0031
- Crews, R. (2003). Empire and the confessional state: Islam and religious politics in nineteenth-century Russia. The American historical review, 108(1), 50-83. https://doi.org/10.1086/533045 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/533045
- Freeze, G. L. (1985). Handmaiden of the State? The Church in Imperial Russia Reconsidered. The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 36(1), 82-102. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022046900023964 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022046900023964
- Winter, J. M. (2014). Socialism and the Challenge of War (RLE The First World War): Ideas and Politics in Britain, 1912-18. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315779645
- Kryukova, S. S. (2001). Custom and Law in Marriage and Family Relations Among Russian Peasants During the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century. The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 33(46), 135-144. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2001.10756556 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2001.10756556
- Fischer, D. H. (1978). Growing Old in America: The Bland-Lee Lectures Delivered at Clark University. Oxford University Press.
- Age, B. (2015). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
- Ragsdale, H. (2016). The Russian Tragedy: The Burden of History: The Burden of History. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315480817 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315480817
- Poll, S. (2017). The Hasidic community of Williamsburg: A study in the sociology of religion. Routledge.
- Friedrichs, C. R. (2014). The Early Modern City 1450-1750. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315846767 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315846767
- Alfani, G., & Gourdon, V. (Eds.). (2012). Spiritual kinship in Europe, 1500-1900. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230362703 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230362703
- Bassin, M. (1991). Inventing Siberia: visions of the Russian East in the early nineteenth century. American Historical Review, 96(3), 763-794. https://doi.org/10.2307/2162430 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2162430
- Slocum, J. W. (1998). Who, and when, were the Inorodtsy? The evolution of the category of" aliens" in imperial Russia. The Russian Review, 57(2), 173-190. https://doi.org/10.1111/0036-0341.00017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/0036-0341.00017
- Glete, J. (2002). War and the state in early modern Europe: Spain, the Dutch Republic and Sweden as fiscal-military states. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203465318 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203465318
- Roberts, D. (2016). Paternalism in Early Victorian England. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315638690 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315638690
References
Barkey, K. (2008). Empire of Difference. The Ottomans in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 342. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511790645 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511790645
Brewer, J. (1989) The sinews of power. War, money and the English state, 1688–1783. London, Unwin Hyman, 253.
Filyushkin, A. I. (2000). Certificates of Honor of Novgorod Archbishop Theodosius dedicated to "Kazan Capture" / / Hermeneutics of Ancient Russian Literature. Collection 10. M.: IMLI RAN, «Nasledie»: S. 327-346 (In Russian).
Ivanov, S. A. (2003). Byzantine Missionary: Is it Possible to Make a Christian from a Barbarian? M.: Yazy`ki slavyanskoj kul`tury`: 276 (In Russian).
Kamenskij, A. B. (1999) Russian Empire in XVIII Century: Traditions and Modernization. M.: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 328 (In Russian).
Khoroshkevich, A. L. (2003). Russia in the System of International Relations in the middle of XVI century. M.: Drevlexranilishhe: 622 (In Russian).
Kollmann, N.S. (2012). Crime and Punishment in Early Modern Russia. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 504. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139177535 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139177535
Lipich, Т. I., et al. (2018). Early Modern Russian State, "Tsar’s Discourse" and Russian Orthodox Church in the XV-XVII Centuries. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 7(2), 683-690. https://doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v7i2.1606 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v7i2.1606
Litavrin, G. G. (1999). The Idea of the Supreme State Power in Byzantium and Ancient Russia of the pre-Mongol Period. Litavrin G.G. Byzantium and Slavs. St. Petersburg: Aletejya, P. 470-477 (In Russian).
Mann, M. (1984). The autonomous power of the state: Its origins, mechanisms and results. European Journal of Sociology / Archives Europeennes de Sociologie / Europaisches Archiv fur Soziologie, 25(2), Tending the roots : nationalism and populism: 185-213. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003975600004239 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003975600004239
Shaposhnik, V. V. (2006). Church-State Relations in Russia in the 30th and 80th of XVI century. St. Petersburg: Publishing House of the St.Petersburg University: 569 p. (In Russian).
Sinicyna, N. V. (1998). Third Rome. The Origins and Evolution of the Russian Medieval Concept (XV - XVI centuries). M.: Indrik: 416 (In Russian).
Brower, D. R., & Lazzerini, E. J. (1997). Russia's Orient: imperial borderlands and peoples, 1700-1917. Indiana University Press.
Burbank, J. (2006). An imperial rights regime: Law and citizenship in the Russian Empire. Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, 7(3), 397-431. https://doi.org/10.1353/kri.2006.0031 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/kri.2006.0031
Crews, R. (2003). Empire and the confessional state: Islam and religious politics in nineteenth-century Russia. The American historical review, 108(1), 50-83. https://doi.org/10.1086/533045 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/533045
Freeze, G. L. (1985). Handmaiden of the State? The Church in Imperial Russia Reconsidered. The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 36(1), 82-102. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022046900023964 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022046900023964
Winter, J. M. (2014). Socialism and the Challenge of War (RLE The First World War): Ideas and Politics in Britain, 1912-18. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315779645
Kryukova, S. S. (2001). Custom and Law in Marriage and Family Relations Among Russian Peasants During the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century. The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 33(46), 135-144. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2001.10756556 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2001.10756556
Fischer, D. H. (1978). Growing Old in America: The Bland-Lee Lectures Delivered at Clark University. Oxford University Press.
Age, B. (2015). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Ragsdale, H. (2016). The Russian Tragedy: The Burden of History: The Burden of History. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315480817 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315480817
Poll, S. (2017). The Hasidic community of Williamsburg: A study in the sociology of religion. Routledge.
Friedrichs, C. R. (2014). The Early Modern City 1450-1750. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315846767 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315846767
Alfani, G., & Gourdon, V. (Eds.). (2012). Spiritual kinship in Europe, 1500-1900. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230362703 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230362703
Bassin, M. (1991). Inventing Siberia: visions of the Russian East in the early nineteenth century. American Historical Review, 96(3), 763-794. https://doi.org/10.2307/2162430 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2162430
Slocum, J. W. (1998). Who, and when, were the Inorodtsy? The evolution of the category of" aliens" in imperial Russia. The Russian Review, 57(2), 173-190. https://doi.org/10.1111/0036-0341.00017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/0036-0341.00017
Glete, J. (2002). War and the state in early modern Europe: Spain, the Dutch Republic and Sweden as fiscal-military states. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203465318 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203465318
Roberts, D. (2016). Paternalism in Early Victorian England. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315638690 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315638690