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ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION: THE LEARNING CONUNDRUM IN THE TRANSNATIONAL CONTEXT
Corresponding Author(s) : Nattavud Pimpa
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 7 No. 5 (2019): September
Abstract
program co-offered by two partners from Australia and Singapore, as well as, to understand challenges in the management of transnational entrepreneurship education programs.
Methodology: Qualitative approach was adopted in this study. The data were collected, using a personal interview, from twenty-one students in the transnational entrepreneurship education program. We focus on what Singaporean students identified as challenges in learning in the transnational entrepreneurship education program in the Australian context from the Singaporean view.
Findings: Issues regarding pedagogical in the transnational program, host and home countries’ factors, and learning and teaching experiences are reported as the key challenges. In fact, this study unfolds the complexity of the management of transnational entrepreneurship education, engagements among students from different locations, and cross-cultural bias in the management of the program, people, and learning.
Applications: It is suggested that addressing these challenges requires managers of transnational entrepreneurship education programs to consider issues of power and inequality inherent in teaching partnerships, and the mindset change needed to develop global perspectives.
Novelty/Originality: This study unfolds challenges of transnational education program, by examining the nature of students in the entrepreneurship education (EE) programs. EE is unique, due to its nature and approaches in learning and teaching.
Keywords
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- Alhmary, F. (2018). A review paper on entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurs’ skills, Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 21 (Special Issue), 1-7.
- Bae, T.J., Qian, S., Miao, C. & Fiet, J.O. (2014). The relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: A metaâ€analytic review, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), 217-254. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12095 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12095
- Bird B., (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: the case for intentions. Academy of Management Review, 13, 442–554. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1988.4306970 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1988.4306970
- Bovill, C., Jordan, L. & Watters, N., (2015). Transnational approaches to teaching and learning in higher education: challenges and possible guiding principles. Teaching in Higher Education, 20 (1), 12-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2014.945162 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2014.945162
- Cheng, Y.C., (2002). New paradigm of ‘Borderless Education’: Challenges, strategies, and implications for effective education through localization and internationalization. Keynote speech presented at The International Conference on Learning & Teaching, Hatyai, Thailand, 14-16 October.
- Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K., (2007). Research Methods in Education. London: Routledge/ Falmer. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203029053 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203029053
- Crook, T. R., C. L. Shook, M. L. Morris, and T. M. Madden (2010). “Are We There Yet?: An Assessment of Research Design and Construct Measurement Practices in Entrepreneurship Research,†Organizational Research Methods, 13, 192–206. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428109334368 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428109334368
- Debowski, S., (2008). Risky Business: Effective planning and management of transnational teaching. In Dunn, L., & Wallace, M. (Eds.), Teaching in Transnational Higher Education, pp. 204-215. New York and London: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
- Dobos, K., (2011). Serving two masterâ€: Academics’ perspectives on working at an offshore campus in Malaysia. Educational Review, 63(1), 19-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911003748035 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911003748035
- Dunn, L. & Wallace, M., (2006). Australian academics and transnational teaching: an exploratory study of their preparedness and experiences. Higher Education Research & Development, 25(4), 357-369. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360600947343 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360600947343
- Henry, C., Hill, F., & Leitch, C. (2005). Entrepreneurship educational and training: Can entrepreneurship be taught? Education+Training, 47(3), 158-169. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400910510592211 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00400910510592211
- Hoare, L., (2013). Swimming in the deep end: transnational teaching as culture learning? Higher Education Research & Development, 32 (4), 561-574. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2012.700918 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2012.700918
- Johnson, J.P., Lenartowicz, T., & Apud, S., (2006). Cross-cultural competence in international business: Toward a definition and a model. Journal of International Business Studies, 37, (4), 525-43. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400205 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400205
- Joy, S., & Poonamallee, L., (2013). Cross-Cultural teaching in globalized management classrooms: Time to move from functionalist to Postcolonial approaches? Academy of Management Learning & Education, 12 (3), 396-413. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2012.0205 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2012.0205
- Knight, J. (2015). International universities: Misunderstandings and emerging models? Journal of Studies in International Education, 19, 107-121. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315315572899 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315315572899
- Kuzin, D. (2018), Global Competences and Challenges for Entrepreneurship Educators, Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 21(2), 2-15.
- Lamers, A.M. & Admiraal, W.F., (2018). Moving out of their comfort zones: Enhancing teaching practice in transnational education. International Journal for Academic Development, 23 (2), 110-122. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360144X.2017.1399133 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1360144X.2017.1399133
- Ledwith, S. & Seymour, D., (2001). Home and away: preparing students for multicultural management. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 12 (8), 1292-1312. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190110083802 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190110083802
- Leung, M. & Waters, J., (2013). British degrees made in Hong Kong: An enquiry into the role of space and place in transnational education. Asia Paciï¬c Education Review, 14 (1), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-013-9250-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-013-9250-4
- Levatino, A., (2017). Transnational higher education and international student mobility: determinants and linkage: a panel data analysis of enrolment in Australian higher education. Higher Education, 73, 637-638. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-016-9985-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-016-9985-z
- Maritz, A., Jones, C., & Shwetzer, C. (2015). The status of entrepreneurship education in Australian universities. Education+Training, 57(8/9), 1020-1035. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-04-2015-0026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-04-2015-0026
- McGee Banks, C.A. & Banks J.A., (1995). Equity pedagogy: an essential component of multicultural education. Theory into Practice, 34 (93), 152-158. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405849509543674 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00405849509543674
- Modenov, A., Vlasov, M., and Markushevskaya, L., (2018). Innovative Aspects of Entrepreneurship Education: Preparing a New Generation of Entrepreneurs, Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 21 (2), 1-12.
- Mwasalwiba, E. (2010). Entrepreneurship education: a review of its objectives, teaching methods, and impact indicators, Education + Training, 52 (1), 20-47. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400911011017663 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00400911011017663
- Pimpa, N. (2009), Internationalisation Curriculum in Australian Business Education, International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 6 (2), 217-33. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIL.2009.022814 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIL.2009.022814
- Saint-Hilaire, L.A., (2014). ‘So, how do I teach them’? Understanding multicultural education and culturally relevant pedagogy. Reflective Practice, 15 (5), 592-602. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623943.2014.900026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14623943.2014.900026
- Summers, M. & Volet, S., (2008). Students’ attitudes towards culturally mixed groups on international campuses: impact of participation in diverse and non-diverse groups. Studies in Higher Education, 33(4), p357-370. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070802211430 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070802211430
- Volet, S. & Jones, C., (2012). Cultural transitions in Higher Education: Individual adaptation, transformation and engagement. In Transitions across Schools and Cultures, pp. 241-284. Published online: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0749-7423(2012)0000017012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0749-7423(2012)0000017012
- Wilkins, S. & Juusola, K., (2018). The benefits and drawbacks of transnational higher education: Myths and realities. The Australian Universities' Review, 60 (2), 68-76.
- Ziguras, C., (2008). The cultural politics of transnational education: Ideological and Pedagogical Issues for teaching staff. In Dunn, L., & Wallace, M. (Eds.), Teaching in Transnational Higher Education, p. 4454. New York and London: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
References
Alhmary, F. (2018). A review paper on entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurs’ skills, Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 21 (Special Issue), 1-7.
Bae, T.J., Qian, S., Miao, C. & Fiet, J.O. (2014). The relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: A metaâ€analytic review, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), 217-254. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12095 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12095
Bird B., (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: the case for intentions. Academy of Management Review, 13, 442–554. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1988.4306970 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1988.4306970
Bovill, C., Jordan, L. & Watters, N., (2015). Transnational approaches to teaching and learning in higher education: challenges and possible guiding principles. Teaching in Higher Education, 20 (1), 12-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2014.945162 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2014.945162
Cheng, Y.C., (2002). New paradigm of ‘Borderless Education’: Challenges, strategies, and implications for effective education through localization and internationalization. Keynote speech presented at The International Conference on Learning & Teaching, Hatyai, Thailand, 14-16 October.
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K., (2007). Research Methods in Education. London: Routledge/ Falmer. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203029053 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203029053
Crook, T. R., C. L. Shook, M. L. Morris, and T. M. Madden (2010). “Are We There Yet?: An Assessment of Research Design and Construct Measurement Practices in Entrepreneurship Research,†Organizational Research Methods, 13, 192–206. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428109334368 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428109334368
Debowski, S., (2008). Risky Business: Effective planning and management of transnational teaching. In Dunn, L., & Wallace, M. (Eds.), Teaching in Transnational Higher Education, pp. 204-215. New York and London: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
Dobos, K., (2011). Serving two masterâ€: Academics’ perspectives on working at an offshore campus in Malaysia. Educational Review, 63(1), 19-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911003748035 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911003748035
Dunn, L. & Wallace, M., (2006). Australian academics and transnational teaching: an exploratory study of their preparedness and experiences. Higher Education Research & Development, 25(4), 357-369. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360600947343 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360600947343
Henry, C., Hill, F., & Leitch, C. (2005). Entrepreneurship educational and training: Can entrepreneurship be taught? Education+Training, 47(3), 158-169. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400910510592211 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00400910510592211
Hoare, L., (2013). Swimming in the deep end: transnational teaching as culture learning? Higher Education Research & Development, 32 (4), 561-574. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2012.700918 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2012.700918
Johnson, J.P., Lenartowicz, T., & Apud, S., (2006). Cross-cultural competence in international business: Toward a definition and a model. Journal of International Business Studies, 37, (4), 525-43. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400205 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400205
Joy, S., & Poonamallee, L., (2013). Cross-Cultural teaching in globalized management classrooms: Time to move from functionalist to Postcolonial approaches? Academy of Management Learning & Education, 12 (3), 396-413. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2012.0205 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2012.0205
Knight, J. (2015). International universities: Misunderstandings and emerging models? Journal of Studies in International Education, 19, 107-121. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315315572899 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315315572899
Kuzin, D. (2018), Global Competences and Challenges for Entrepreneurship Educators, Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 21(2), 2-15.
Lamers, A.M. & Admiraal, W.F., (2018). Moving out of their comfort zones: Enhancing teaching practice in transnational education. International Journal for Academic Development, 23 (2), 110-122. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360144X.2017.1399133 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1360144X.2017.1399133
Ledwith, S. & Seymour, D., (2001). Home and away: preparing students for multicultural management. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 12 (8), 1292-1312. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190110083802 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190110083802
Leung, M. & Waters, J., (2013). British degrees made in Hong Kong: An enquiry into the role of space and place in transnational education. Asia Paciï¬c Education Review, 14 (1), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-013-9250-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-013-9250-4
Levatino, A., (2017). Transnational higher education and international student mobility: determinants and linkage: a panel data analysis of enrolment in Australian higher education. Higher Education, 73, 637-638. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-016-9985-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-016-9985-z
Maritz, A., Jones, C., & Shwetzer, C. (2015). The status of entrepreneurship education in Australian universities. Education+Training, 57(8/9), 1020-1035. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-04-2015-0026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-04-2015-0026
McGee Banks, C.A. & Banks J.A., (1995). Equity pedagogy: an essential component of multicultural education. Theory into Practice, 34 (93), 152-158. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405849509543674 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00405849509543674
Modenov, A., Vlasov, M., and Markushevskaya, L., (2018). Innovative Aspects of Entrepreneurship Education: Preparing a New Generation of Entrepreneurs, Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 21 (2), 1-12.
Mwasalwiba, E. (2010). Entrepreneurship education: a review of its objectives, teaching methods, and impact indicators, Education + Training, 52 (1), 20-47. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400911011017663 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00400911011017663
Pimpa, N. (2009), Internationalisation Curriculum in Australian Business Education, International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 6 (2), 217-33. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIL.2009.022814 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIL.2009.022814
Saint-Hilaire, L.A., (2014). ‘So, how do I teach them’? Understanding multicultural education and culturally relevant pedagogy. Reflective Practice, 15 (5), 592-602. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623943.2014.900026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14623943.2014.900026
Summers, M. & Volet, S., (2008). Students’ attitudes towards culturally mixed groups on international campuses: impact of participation in diverse and non-diverse groups. Studies in Higher Education, 33(4), p357-370. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070802211430 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070802211430
Volet, S. & Jones, C., (2012). Cultural transitions in Higher Education: Individual adaptation, transformation and engagement. In Transitions across Schools and Cultures, pp. 241-284. Published online: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0749-7423(2012)0000017012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0749-7423(2012)0000017012
Wilkins, S. & Juusola, K., (2018). The benefits and drawbacks of transnational higher education: Myths and realities. The Australian Universities' Review, 60 (2), 68-76.
Ziguras, C., (2008). The cultural politics of transnational education: Ideological and Pedagogical Issues for teaching staff. In Dunn, L., & Wallace, M. (Eds.), Teaching in Transnational Higher Education, p. 4454. New York and London: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.