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INTEGRATION OF FACEBOOK MESSENGER IN THE ENGLISH LITERATURE CLASSROOM: LEARNERS’ ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS
Corresponding Author(s) : Raed Nafea Farhan
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 7 No. 6 (2019): November
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate learners’ attitudes and perceptions toward the integration of online discussion forum via Facebook Messenger into the EFL/ literature classroom.
Methodology: For this research, a convenience sampling method was used to collect 45 samples through a questionnaire to gauge learners’ attitudes and perceptions of using the online discussion forum for learning the literature from those who are incorporated for group discussions on the course’s prescribed novel, Lord of the Flies. The research data was analyzed for descriptive statistics using SPSS version 20.
Main Findings: The results of the experimental study revealed that the respondents’ positive attitudes towards the integration of ODF (Overall Mean = 4.03, SD = 0.84) and perceptions on the effects of online discussion forum on learning the novel were revealed (Overall Mean = 3.99, SD = 0.87). Thus, this study proposes an online discussion forum as an invaluable element to enhance the teaching of the literature component in the EFL classroom.
Applications: This study proposes ODF as an invaluable element to enhance the teaching of the literature component in the EFL/ ESL classroom based on the learners’ positive attitudes and perceptions. It is conducted at the University of Anbar in Iraq. Undergraduate EFL learners who were enrolled in the English language course at the Department of English, College of Education for Humanities participated in the study. It can be used by literary students, from universities and other literary centers.
Novelty: Industrial revolution 4.0 requires a shift from face-to-face lecture approach to a technology-enhanced environment whereby learners can take responsibility for their own learning through collaboration, critical discussion, and negotiation. Taking up this challenge, online discussion forum (ODF) via Facebook Messenger was first introduced into the EFL literature classroom at the University of Anbar, Iraq to replace the predominantly used traditional approach.
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- Alebaikan, R., & Troudi, S. (2010). Online discussion in blended courses at Saudi Universities. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 507-514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.054 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.054
- AlJeraisy, M. N., Mohammad, H., Fayyoumi, A., & Alrashideh, W. (2015). Web 2.0 in education: The impact of discussion board on student performance and satisfaction. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 14(2), 247-258.
- Alzahrani, M. G. (2017). Student Satisfaction with Using Online Discussion Forums at Saudi Universities. World Journal of Education, 7(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5430/wje.v7n2p1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5430/wje.v7n2p1
- Balaji, M. S., & Chakrabarti, D. (2011). Facilitating Learning through Online Discussion Forum: An Inquiry Using SEM. FedUni Journal of Higher Education, 6(1), 36-47.
- Başöz, T., & Çubukçu, F. (2014). Pre-service EFL teacher's attitudes towards Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL). Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 531-535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.253 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.253
- Boruszko, G. (2013). New Technologies and Teaching Comparative Literature. CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture, 15(6), 3. https://doi.org/10.7771/1481-4374.2355 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7771/1481-4374.2355
- Choo, L. P., Kaur, G., Fook, C. Y., & Yong, T. C. (2014). Patterns of interaction among ESL students during online collaboration. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 123, 307-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1428 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1428
- Creswell, J. W. (2002). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative. Retrieved from http://www.scis.nova.edu/~nasutif/MCTE690-syllabussummer 2003.pdf
- DelliCarpini, M. (2012). Building computer technology skills in TESOL teacher education. Language Learning & Technology, 16(2), 14-23.
- Dwaik, R., Jweiless, A., & Shrouf, S. (2016). Using Blended Learning to Enhance Student Learning in American Literature Courses. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 15(2), 126-137.
- Feng, S., Wong, Y. K., Wong, L. Y., & Hossain, L. (2019). The Internet and Facebook Usage on Academic Distraction of College Students. Computers & Education, 134, 41-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.02.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.02.005
- Gray, C., & Smyth, K. (2012). Collaboration Creation: Lessons Learned from Establishing an Online Professional Learning Community. Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 10(1), 60-75.
- Hamdan, A. K. (2014). The reciprocal and correlative relationship between learning culture and online education: A case from Saudi Arabia. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v15i1.1408 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v15i1.1408
- Jahromi, S. A., & Salimi, F. (2013). Exploring the human element of computer-assisted language learning: An Iranian context. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 26(2), 158-176.
- Jain, M. (2012). ICT as an aid in teaching English literature and bridging the digital divide. Bhatter College Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol. II, pp. 49-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2011.643411 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2011.643411
- Joseph, R. (2013). Teachers' views of ICT in el classrooms in UAE Institutes of technology (Doctoral dissertation).
- Kaba. (2017). Teaching and Studying Literature in The Digital Era-From Text to Hypertext. Turkophone, 4(1), 6-13.
- Kaymak, Z., & Horzum, M. (2013). Relationship between online learning readiness and structure and interaction of online learning students. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 13(3), 1792-1797.
- Lieberman, M. (January 31, 2018). How Technology Enhances Literature Learning. Inside Higher Ed (online publication). Retrieved from https://www.insidehighered.com/digital- learning/article/2018/01/31/technology-tools-work-literature-classrooms
- Lodico, M. G., Spaulding, D. T., & Voegtle, K. H. (2010). Methods in educational research: From theory to practice (Vol. 28). John Wiley & Sons.
- Manzolillo, M. (2016). Teaching Literature through Online Discussion in Theory and Practice. CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture, 18(2), 4. https://doi.org/10.7771/1481-4374.3139 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7771/1481-4374.3139
- Nazarinia Roy, R. R., & Schumm, W. R. (2011). Audiences and Providers of Distance Education: As published in Distances et Savoirs (D&S—7/2009. À la croisée des recherches, pages 669 to 683). American Journal of Distance Education, 25(4), 209-225. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923647.2011.618312 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08923647.2011.618312
- Nurulhady, E. F. (2010). Teaching drama with a combination of regular and online course: the use of online media in teaching literature.
- Öz, H. (2015). Investigating the relationship between foreign language learning and call attitudes among EFL freshman students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 176, 1041-1049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.576 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.576
- Rohaniyah, J. (2012). technique in teaching literature. Okara: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 6(1).
- San Jose, A. E., & Galang, J. G. (2015). Teaching strategies in teaching literature: Students in focus. International Journal of Education and Research, 3(4).
- Soon, L., & Fraser, C. (2011). Knowledge sharing and knowledge exchange in distance education online group work. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 1(2), 156. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJIET.2011.V1.26 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7763/IJIET.2011.V1.26
- Stolle, E. (2011). Moving to Online Literature Discussions: Putting a New Twist on a Practice Tried and True. Language Arts Journal of Michigan, 27(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.9707/2168-149X.1830 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9707/2168-149X.1830
- Traore, M., & Kyei-Blankson, L. (2011). Using literature and multiple technologies in ESL instruction. Journal of language teaching and research, 2(3), 561. https://doi.org/10.4304/jltr.2.3.561-568 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4304/jltr.2.3.561-568
- Young, C. A., & Bush, J. (2004). Teaching the English language arts with technology: A critical approach and pedagogical framework. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 4(1), 1-22.
- Yunus, M. M., & Suliman, A. (2014). Information & communication technology (ICT) tools in teaching and learning literature component in Malaysian secondary schools. Asian Social Science, 10(7), 136. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n7p136 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n7p136
References
Alebaikan, R., & Troudi, S. (2010). Online discussion in blended courses at Saudi Universities. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 507-514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.054 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.054
AlJeraisy, M. N., Mohammad, H., Fayyoumi, A., & Alrashideh, W. (2015). Web 2.0 in education: The impact of discussion board on student performance and satisfaction. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 14(2), 247-258.
Alzahrani, M. G. (2017). Student Satisfaction with Using Online Discussion Forums at Saudi Universities. World Journal of Education, 7(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5430/wje.v7n2p1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5430/wje.v7n2p1
Balaji, M. S., & Chakrabarti, D. (2011). Facilitating Learning through Online Discussion Forum: An Inquiry Using SEM. FedUni Journal of Higher Education, 6(1), 36-47.
Başöz, T., & Çubukçu, F. (2014). Pre-service EFL teacher's attitudes towards Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL). Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 531-535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.253 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.253
Boruszko, G. (2013). New Technologies and Teaching Comparative Literature. CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture, 15(6), 3. https://doi.org/10.7771/1481-4374.2355 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7771/1481-4374.2355
Choo, L. P., Kaur, G., Fook, C. Y., & Yong, T. C. (2014). Patterns of interaction among ESL students during online collaboration. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 123, 307-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1428 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1428
Creswell, J. W. (2002). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative. Retrieved from http://www.scis.nova.edu/~nasutif/MCTE690-syllabussummer 2003.pdf
DelliCarpini, M. (2012). Building computer technology skills in TESOL teacher education. Language Learning & Technology, 16(2), 14-23.
Dwaik, R., Jweiless, A., & Shrouf, S. (2016). Using Blended Learning to Enhance Student Learning in American Literature Courses. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 15(2), 126-137.
Feng, S., Wong, Y. K., Wong, L. Y., & Hossain, L. (2019). The Internet and Facebook Usage on Academic Distraction of College Students. Computers & Education, 134, 41-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.02.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.02.005
Gray, C., & Smyth, K. (2012). Collaboration Creation: Lessons Learned from Establishing an Online Professional Learning Community. Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 10(1), 60-75.
Hamdan, A. K. (2014). The reciprocal and correlative relationship between learning culture and online education: A case from Saudi Arabia. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v15i1.1408 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v15i1.1408
Jahromi, S. A., & Salimi, F. (2013). Exploring the human element of computer-assisted language learning: An Iranian context. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 26(2), 158-176.
Jain, M. (2012). ICT as an aid in teaching English literature and bridging the digital divide. Bhatter College Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol. II, pp. 49-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2011.643411 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2011.643411
Joseph, R. (2013). Teachers' views of ICT in el classrooms in UAE Institutes of technology (Doctoral dissertation).
Kaba. (2017). Teaching and Studying Literature in The Digital Era-From Text to Hypertext. Turkophone, 4(1), 6-13.
Kaymak, Z., & Horzum, M. (2013). Relationship between online learning readiness and structure and interaction of online learning students. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 13(3), 1792-1797.
Lieberman, M. (January 31, 2018). How Technology Enhances Literature Learning. Inside Higher Ed (online publication). Retrieved from https://www.insidehighered.com/digital- learning/article/2018/01/31/technology-tools-work-literature-classrooms
Lodico, M. G., Spaulding, D. T., & Voegtle, K. H. (2010). Methods in educational research: From theory to practice (Vol. 28). John Wiley & Sons.
Manzolillo, M. (2016). Teaching Literature through Online Discussion in Theory and Practice. CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture, 18(2), 4. https://doi.org/10.7771/1481-4374.3139 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7771/1481-4374.3139
Nazarinia Roy, R. R., & Schumm, W. R. (2011). Audiences and Providers of Distance Education: As published in Distances et Savoirs (D&S—7/2009. À la croisée des recherches, pages 669 to 683). American Journal of Distance Education, 25(4), 209-225. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923647.2011.618312 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08923647.2011.618312
Nurulhady, E. F. (2010). Teaching drama with a combination of regular and online course: the use of online media in teaching literature.
Öz, H. (2015). Investigating the relationship between foreign language learning and call attitudes among EFL freshman students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 176, 1041-1049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.576 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.576
Rohaniyah, J. (2012). technique in teaching literature. Okara: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 6(1).
San Jose, A. E., & Galang, J. G. (2015). Teaching strategies in teaching literature: Students in focus. International Journal of Education and Research, 3(4).
Soon, L., & Fraser, C. (2011). Knowledge sharing and knowledge exchange in distance education online group work. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 1(2), 156. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJIET.2011.V1.26 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7763/IJIET.2011.V1.26
Stolle, E. (2011). Moving to Online Literature Discussions: Putting a New Twist on a Practice Tried and True. Language Arts Journal of Michigan, 27(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.9707/2168-149X.1830 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9707/2168-149X.1830
Traore, M., & Kyei-Blankson, L. (2011). Using literature and multiple technologies in ESL instruction. Journal of language teaching and research, 2(3), 561. https://doi.org/10.4304/jltr.2.3.561-568 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4304/jltr.2.3.561-568
Young, C. A., & Bush, J. (2004). Teaching the English language arts with technology: A critical approach and pedagogical framework. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 4(1), 1-22.
Yunus, M. M., & Suliman, A. (2014). Information & communication technology (ICT) tools in teaching and learning literature component in Malaysian secondary schools. Asian Social Science, 10(7), 136. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n7p136 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n7p136