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THE IMPACT OF DOMINANT IDEOLOGY OF TARGET SOCIETY ON LEXICAL CHOICES OF TRANSLATION: THE CASE STUDY OF THE ESSENTIAL RUMI
Corresponding Author(s) : Bita Naghmeh-Abbaspour
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 7 No. 6 (2019): November
Abstract
Purpose: The current research investigates the translator’s lexical choices in terms of ideological concepts of The Essential Rumi. Moreover, by providing an overview of the social context of the target society, the study supports the logic behind the lexical choices.
Methodology: Based on the association of ideology and critical discourse analysis as well as considering manipulation as one of the central concepts of it, the study employs CDA as its theoretical and analytical framework.
Main Findings: The finding reveals that the Islamic ideology of Rumi’s poetry is extremely manipulated based on the dominant ideological trends of the target social context.
Applications: The current study will contribute to the discipline of translation studies in general and the field of literary translation in particular.
Novelty/Originality: Although the extraordinary fascination of North American poetry readers toward Rumi attracted numerous scholars of different fields, the lack of a textual study is strongly felt in this area. Therefore, to fill this void, the present study is going to investigate the congruency of the ideological load of Rumi’s original poetry and Barks’ translations of it at the lexical level.
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- Ahmed, A. (2013). The Thistle and the Drone. Washington, D.C.: Brookings institution press.
- Aslani, M., & Salmani, B. (2015). Ideology and translation: A critical discourse analysis approach towards the representation of political news in translation. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 4(3), 80–88. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.4n.3p.80 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.4n.3p.80
- Aviv, R. (2007). A Rumi of one’s own. Poetry Foundation. Retrieved from: http://www.poetryfoundation.org/article/179906
- Azadibougar, O., And, & Patton, S. (2015). Coleman Barks’ versions of Rumi in the USA. Translation and Literature, 24(2), 172–189. https://doi.org/10.3366/tal.2015.0200 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3366/tal.2015.0200
- Barks, C. (1995). The Essential Rumi-reissue: New Expanded Edition. Harper Collins.
- Barks, C. (1997). The Essential Rumi. New York: Castle Books.
- Barks, C. (2004). The Essential Rumi: New Expanded Edition. San Francisco: HarperOne.
- Barnes, N. (2015). Ideology in translation: CS Lewis’: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe.
- Catford, J. C. (1965). A linguistic theory of translation: An essay in applied linguistics. Oxford University Press.
- Clarke, P. (2006). Encyclopedia of new religious movements. Routledge.
- Didaoui, M. (1995). Translation/Transfer: parameters for quality and quantity control. In B. Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk& M. Thelen (Eds.), Translation And Meaning Part 4 (pp. 519–530). Maastricht: Universitaire Pers Maastricht.
- Dukate, A. (2009). Translation, Manipulation and interpreting. Frankfort: Peter Lang GmbH.
- El-Zein, A. (2000). Spiritual consumption in the United States: The Rumi phenomenon. Islamic and Christion-Muslim Relation, 11(1), 71–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/095964100111526 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/095964100111526
- Ernst, C. (2013). Islamophobia in America: The anatomy of intolerance. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137290076 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137290076
- Fairclough, N. (2003). Analyzing Discourse. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203697078 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203697078
- Ferguson, M. (1980). The Aquarian Conspiracy: Personal and Social Transformation in the 1980s. Los Angeles, JP Tarcher. The Transformative Organization,45.
- Ghaneabassiri, K. (2010). History of Islam in America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511780493 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511780493
- Gottschalk, P., & Greenberg, G. (2018). Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim Sentiment: Picturing the Enemy. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
- Hammer, J. (2018). Islam and Race in American History. The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Race in American History, 205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190221171.013.12
- House, J. (1997). Translation Quality Assessment: A Model Revisited. Tubungen: Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen.
- Keshavarz, M. H., & Alimadadi, Z. L. (2011). Manipulation of ideology in the translation of political texts: A critical discourse analysis perspective. Journal of Language and Translation, 2(1), 1–12.
- Klimovich, N. V. (2017). Ideological Manipulation in the Translations of English and American Literature into the Russian Language. Journal of Siberian Federal University, 3(10), 359–366. https://doi.org/10.17516/1997-1370-0043 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17516/1997-1370-0043
- Kramina, A. (2004). Translation as Maipulation: Causes and Consequenses, Opinions and Attitudes. Studies about Languages, 6(37–41).
- Lefevere, Andre. (1992). the Manipulation of Literary Fame, London & New York. Routledge.
- Lefevere, André. (2016). Translation, rewriting, and the manipulation of literary fame. London and New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315458496 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315458496
- Lewis, F. D. (2014). Rumi-Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings, and Poetry of Jalâl Al-Din Rumi. Oneworld Publications.
- Majid, A. (2011). Islam and America: Building a Future Without Prejudice. New York and Toronto: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
- Manfredi, M. (2018). Investigating ideology in news features translated for two Italian media. Across Languages and Cultures, 19(2), 185–203. https://doi.org/10.1556/084.2018.19.2.3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/084.2018.19.2.3
- Mansourabadi, F., & Karimnia, A. (2012). The impact of ideology on lexical choices in literary translation: A case study of A Thousand Splendid Suns. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70(2013), 777–786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.01.123 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.01.123
- Mojaddedi, J. (2017). Following the Scent of Rumi’s Sufism in a Postreligious Age. World Literature Today, 91(6), 56–59. https://doi.org/10.7588/worllitetoda.91.6.0056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7588/worllitetoda.91.6.0056
- Naghmeh-Abbaspour, B. and, & Tengku Sepora Tengku Mahadi. (2017). The intertextuality of Rumi’s Masnavi with Quran: Author’s intentional effort and translators’ negligence. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 6(3), 32–37.
- Newport, J. N. (1998). The New Age movement and the Biblical Worldview: Conflict and Dialogue. Cambridge: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.
- Nicholson, R. A. (1934). The Mathnawi of Jalalu’ddin Rumi. Cambridge: Cambridge university press.
- Nord, C. (2005). Text analysis in translation : theory, methodology, and didactic application of a model for translation-oriented text analysis. Amsterdam ; Atlanta: Rodopi. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004500914
- Pike, S. M. (2004). New Age and Neopagan Religions in America. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Riyono, A., Emzir, E., & Lustyiantie, N. (2018). Investigating Ideology Through Lexical Choice: A Critical Discourse Analysis of The Translated Novel “The Dancer’ and The Original “Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk.†Journal of Education, Teaching and Learning, 3(1), 82–86. https://doi.org/10.26737/jetl.v3i1.532 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26737/jetl.v3i1.532
- Safavi, S. G., & Weightman, S. (2009). Rumi’s mystical design. Albany: Suny Press.
- Salman, S. D. (2017). Ideologically-Induced Understatement in English/Arabic News Translation: A Critical Discourse Analysis–Socionarrative Approach. Cairo Studies in English, 219. https://doi.org/10.21608/cse.2017.22739 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/cse.2017.22739
- Sertkan, K., & Gülperi, S. (2007). The ideology of lexical choices in the Turkish translations of Oliver Twist. Department of Translation Studies, Dokuz Eylül University, Turkey.
- Shuttleworth, M., & Cowie, M. (2014). Dictionary of translation studies. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315760490 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315760490
- Toury, G. (1995). Descriptive translation studies and beyond. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamin Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.4
- Van Dijk, T A. (2006). Discourse and manipulation. Discourse &Society,17(2), 359–383. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926506060250 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926506060250
- Van Dijk, Teun. A. (2000). Ideology. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
- Venuti, L. (1998). The Scandals of Translation. London & New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203269701 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203269701
- Yazdanimogaddam, M., & Fakher, M. (2011). Examining the Effect of Ideology and Idiosyncrasy on Lexical Choices in Translation Studies within the CDA Framework. Journal oF English Studies, 1, 27–36.
References
Ahmed, A. (2013). The Thistle and the Drone. Washington, D.C.: Brookings institution press.
Aslani, M., & Salmani, B. (2015). Ideology and translation: A critical discourse analysis approach towards the representation of political news in translation. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 4(3), 80–88. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.4n.3p.80 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.4n.3p.80
Aviv, R. (2007). A Rumi of one’s own. Poetry Foundation. Retrieved from: http://www.poetryfoundation.org/article/179906
Azadibougar, O., And, & Patton, S. (2015). Coleman Barks’ versions of Rumi in the USA. Translation and Literature, 24(2), 172–189. https://doi.org/10.3366/tal.2015.0200 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3366/tal.2015.0200
Barks, C. (1995). The Essential Rumi-reissue: New Expanded Edition. Harper Collins.
Barks, C. (1997). The Essential Rumi. New York: Castle Books.
Barks, C. (2004). The Essential Rumi: New Expanded Edition. San Francisco: HarperOne.
Barnes, N. (2015). Ideology in translation: CS Lewis’: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe.
Catford, J. C. (1965). A linguistic theory of translation: An essay in applied linguistics. Oxford University Press.
Clarke, P. (2006). Encyclopedia of new religious movements. Routledge.
Didaoui, M. (1995). Translation/Transfer: parameters for quality and quantity control. In B. Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk& M. Thelen (Eds.), Translation And Meaning Part 4 (pp. 519–530). Maastricht: Universitaire Pers Maastricht.
Dukate, A. (2009). Translation, Manipulation and interpreting. Frankfort: Peter Lang GmbH.
El-Zein, A. (2000). Spiritual consumption in the United States: The Rumi phenomenon. Islamic and Christion-Muslim Relation, 11(1), 71–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/095964100111526 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/095964100111526
Ernst, C. (2013). Islamophobia in America: The anatomy of intolerance. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137290076 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137290076
Fairclough, N. (2003). Analyzing Discourse. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203697078 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203697078
Ferguson, M. (1980). The Aquarian Conspiracy: Personal and Social Transformation in the 1980s. Los Angeles, JP Tarcher. The Transformative Organization,45.
Ghaneabassiri, K. (2010). History of Islam in America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511780493 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511780493
Gottschalk, P., & Greenberg, G. (2018). Islamophobia and Anti-Muslim Sentiment: Picturing the Enemy. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
Hammer, J. (2018). Islam and Race in American History. The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Race in American History, 205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190221171.013.12
House, J. (1997). Translation Quality Assessment: A Model Revisited. Tubungen: Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen.
Keshavarz, M. H., & Alimadadi, Z. L. (2011). Manipulation of ideology in the translation of political texts: A critical discourse analysis perspective. Journal of Language and Translation, 2(1), 1–12.
Klimovich, N. V. (2017). Ideological Manipulation in the Translations of English and American Literature into the Russian Language. Journal of Siberian Federal University, 3(10), 359–366. https://doi.org/10.17516/1997-1370-0043 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17516/1997-1370-0043
Kramina, A. (2004). Translation as Maipulation: Causes and Consequenses, Opinions and Attitudes. Studies about Languages, 6(37–41).
Lefevere, Andre. (1992). the Manipulation of Literary Fame, London & New York. Routledge.
Lefevere, André. (2016). Translation, rewriting, and the manipulation of literary fame. London and New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315458496 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315458496
Lewis, F. D. (2014). Rumi-Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings, and Poetry of Jalâl Al-Din Rumi. Oneworld Publications.
Majid, A. (2011). Islam and America: Building a Future Without Prejudice. New York and Toronto: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Manfredi, M. (2018). Investigating ideology in news features translated for two Italian media. Across Languages and Cultures, 19(2), 185–203. https://doi.org/10.1556/084.2018.19.2.3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/084.2018.19.2.3
Mansourabadi, F., & Karimnia, A. (2012). The impact of ideology on lexical choices in literary translation: A case study of A Thousand Splendid Suns. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70(2013), 777–786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.01.123 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.01.123
Mojaddedi, J. (2017). Following the Scent of Rumi’s Sufism in a Postreligious Age. World Literature Today, 91(6), 56–59. https://doi.org/10.7588/worllitetoda.91.6.0056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7588/worllitetoda.91.6.0056
Naghmeh-Abbaspour, B. and, & Tengku Sepora Tengku Mahadi. (2017). The intertextuality of Rumi’s Masnavi with Quran: Author’s intentional effort and translators’ negligence. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 6(3), 32–37.
Newport, J. N. (1998). The New Age movement and the Biblical Worldview: Conflict and Dialogue. Cambridge: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.
Nicholson, R. A. (1934). The Mathnawi of Jalalu’ddin Rumi. Cambridge: Cambridge university press.
Nord, C. (2005). Text analysis in translation : theory, methodology, and didactic application of a model for translation-oriented text analysis. Amsterdam ; Atlanta: Rodopi. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004500914
Pike, S. M. (2004). New Age and Neopagan Religions in America. New York: Columbia University Press.
Riyono, A., Emzir, E., & Lustyiantie, N. (2018). Investigating Ideology Through Lexical Choice: A Critical Discourse Analysis of The Translated Novel “The Dancer’ and The Original “Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk.†Journal of Education, Teaching and Learning, 3(1), 82–86. https://doi.org/10.26737/jetl.v3i1.532 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26737/jetl.v3i1.532
Safavi, S. G., & Weightman, S. (2009). Rumi’s mystical design. Albany: Suny Press.
Salman, S. D. (2017). Ideologically-Induced Understatement in English/Arabic News Translation: A Critical Discourse Analysis–Socionarrative Approach. Cairo Studies in English, 219. https://doi.org/10.21608/cse.2017.22739 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/cse.2017.22739
Sertkan, K., & Gülperi, S. (2007). The ideology of lexical choices in the Turkish translations of Oliver Twist. Department of Translation Studies, Dokuz Eylül University, Turkey.
Shuttleworth, M., & Cowie, M. (2014). Dictionary of translation studies. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315760490 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315760490
Toury, G. (1995). Descriptive translation studies and beyond. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamin Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.4
Van Dijk, T A. (2006). Discourse and manipulation. Discourse &Society,17(2), 359–383. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926506060250 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926506060250
Van Dijk, Teun. A. (2000). Ideology. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
Venuti, L. (1998). The Scandals of Translation. London & New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203269701 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203269701
Yazdanimogaddam, M., & Fakher, M. (2011). Examining the Effect of Ideology and Idiosyncrasy on Lexical Choices in Translation Studies within the CDA Framework. Journal oF English Studies, 1, 27–36.