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UNDERSTANDING THE RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE IN INDONESIA: THE ISLAMIC THEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
Corresponding Author(s) : Adeng Muchtar Ghazali
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 8 No. 1 (2020): January
Abstract
Purpose of the study: The purpose of this paper is to elaborate methodological diversities in understanding religions both in internal and external circles and contexts are seen from Islamic theological perspectives.
Methodology: The research methodology used in this study is a qualitative analysis, using content analysis method.
Main Findings: The diversity of religious beliefs and religious understandings needs to be interpreted as a logical consequence of divine provisions. Methodologically, however, an individual’s belief cannot be adjudged right or wrong without understanding socio-cultural, referent, educational, and other external background experience shaping his belief and diversity.
Applications of this study: Understanding and tolerant behavior in the diversity of beliefs in Indonesian society is necessary to create inter and inter-religious harmony, to realize a solid nation and state of life. Therefore, a comprehensive effort is needed to minimize intolerant understanding and behavior in the community from an early age, through integrative education and learning.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Generally, research methodology on religion using religious doctrine as the main tool in the analysis of religious thought. This article presents a point of equilibrium between doctrine and
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- Abdullah, T. (1989). Metodologi Penelitian Agama. Tiara Wacana.
- Aldridge, D. (2015). The case for Humanism in religious education. Journal of Beliefs and Values, 36(1), 92–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/13617672.2015.1014650 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13617672.2015.1014650
- Andito, A. (1989). Atas Nama Agama. Pustaka Hidayah.
- Burdette, A. M., Hill, T. D., Webb, N. S., Ford, J. A., & Haynes, S. H. (2018). Religious involvement and substance use among urban mothers. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 57(1), 156–172. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12501 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12501
- Burhanudin, J. (2010). Survey Report: A Portrait of Muslims’ Socio-Religious Attitudes in Java. Studia Islamika, 17(1), 195–198. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v17i1.472 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v17i1.472
- Cusack, C. M. (2011). Some recent trends in the study of religion and youth. Journal of Religious History, 35(3), 409–418. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9809.2011.01078.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9809.2011.01078.x
- Daya, B., & Beck, H. L. (1992). Ilmu Perbandingan Agama di Indonesia dan Belanda. Jakarta: INIS.
- Daya, B., & Djam’annuri, A. (1993). 70 Tahun H. A. Mukti Ali, Agama dan Masyarakat. IAIN Sunan Kalijaga Press.
- Dharvamony, M. (1995). Fenomenologi agama. Kanisius.
- Eliade, M. (1959). The Sacred and The Profane. Brace & World.
- Eliade, M., & Kitagawa, J. M. (1973). The History of Religions, Essays in Methodology. The University of Chicago Press.
- Faiz, F. (2002). Islam-Kristen: Ketika Truth Claim menjadi Landasan Interaksi. Religi: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama, 1(1), 87–98.
- Fathurahman, O. (2004). Jaringan ulama: pembaharuan dan rekonsiliasi dalam tradisi intelektual islam di dunia Melayu-Indonesia. Studia Islamika, 11(2), 361–385. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v11i2.606 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v11i2.606
- Ghazali, A. M. (2000). Ilmu Perbandingan Agama, Pengenalan Awal Metodologi Studi Agama. Pustaka Setia.
- Ghazali, A. M. (2005). Pemikiran Islam Kontemporer. Pustaka Setia.
- Ghazali, A. M. (2014). Perbandingan agama antar ilmu dan Jurusan. Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama Dan Sosial Budaya, 32(1), 18–20.
- Grant, L., & Matemba, Y. H. (2013). Problems of assessment in religious and moral education: The Scottish case. Journal of Beliefs and Values, 34(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/13617672.2013.759338 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13617672.2013.759338
- Hasanah, A. (2012). Pendidikan Karakter Berperspektif Islam. Insan Komunika.
- Ibrahim, A. (2012). Denial, Trivialization, and Relegation of Pluralism: The Challenges of Managing Diversity in Multi-religious Malaysia and Indonesia. Studia Islamika, 19(3), 437–475. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v19i3.355 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v19i3.355
- Maulana, D. (2017). The Exclusivism of Religion Teachers: Intolerance and Radicalism in Indonesian Public Schools. Studia Islamika, 24(2), 395–401. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v24i2.5707 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v24i2.5707
- Mulyadi, S. (2014). Violence under the Banner of Religion: The Case of Laskar Jihad and Laskar Kristus. Studia Islamika, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v10i2.631 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v10i2.631
- Permata, A. N. (2000). Metodologi Studi Islam. Pustaka Pelajar.
- Romdon. (1996). Metodologi ilmu perbandingan agama: suatu pengantar awal. Raya Grafindo Persada.
- Scheitle, C. P., & Ecklund, E. H. (2018). Perceptions of Religious Discrimination Among US Scientists. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 57(1), 139–155. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12503 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12503
- Stark, R.,& Glock, C. Y. (1968). American piety: The nature of religious commitment (Vol. 1). Univ of California Press.
- Suparlan, P. (1982). Pengertian Budaya, Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, dan Pengkajian Masalah-Masalah Makna. Departemen Agama Republik Indonesia.
- Suriasumantri, J. S. (2001). Penelitian Ilmiah, Kefilsafatan, dan Keagamaan: Mencari Paradigma Kebersamaan. Dalam M. Deden Ridwan, Tradisi Baru Penelitian Agama Islam: Tinjauan Antar Disiplin Ilmu. Nuansa.
- Testriono, T. (2008). Islamisasi Jawa: Adaptasi, Konflik, dan Rekonsiliasi. Studia Islamika, 15(2), 351–374. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v15i2.534 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v15i2.534
- Truna, D. S. (2014). Id‘Ä’ al-ḥaq wa ḥudÅ«d al-tasÄmuḥ fÄ« tarbÄ«yat al-IslÄmÄ«yah: DirÄsah awwalÄ«yah fi al-kutub al-muqarrarah li tadrÄ«s mÄddah al-IslÄmÄ«yah bi al-jÄmi‘Ät al-IndÅ«nÄ«sÄ«ya. Studia Islamika, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.20.3.514.489-528 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.20.3.514.489-528
- Wach, J. (1996). The Comparative Study of Religions. Columbia University Press.
References
Abdullah, T. (1989). Metodologi Penelitian Agama. Tiara Wacana.
Aldridge, D. (2015). The case for Humanism in religious education. Journal of Beliefs and Values, 36(1), 92–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/13617672.2015.1014650 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13617672.2015.1014650
Andito, A. (1989). Atas Nama Agama. Pustaka Hidayah.
Burdette, A. M., Hill, T. D., Webb, N. S., Ford, J. A., & Haynes, S. H. (2018). Religious involvement and substance use among urban mothers. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 57(1), 156–172. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12501 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12501
Burhanudin, J. (2010). Survey Report: A Portrait of Muslims’ Socio-Religious Attitudes in Java. Studia Islamika, 17(1), 195–198. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v17i1.472 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v17i1.472
Cusack, C. M. (2011). Some recent trends in the study of religion and youth. Journal of Religious History, 35(3), 409–418. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9809.2011.01078.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9809.2011.01078.x
Daya, B., & Beck, H. L. (1992). Ilmu Perbandingan Agama di Indonesia dan Belanda. Jakarta: INIS.
Daya, B., & Djam’annuri, A. (1993). 70 Tahun H. A. Mukti Ali, Agama dan Masyarakat. IAIN Sunan Kalijaga Press.
Dharvamony, M. (1995). Fenomenologi agama. Kanisius.
Eliade, M. (1959). The Sacred and The Profane. Brace & World.
Eliade, M., & Kitagawa, J. M. (1973). The History of Religions, Essays in Methodology. The University of Chicago Press.
Faiz, F. (2002). Islam-Kristen: Ketika Truth Claim menjadi Landasan Interaksi. Religi: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama, 1(1), 87–98.
Fathurahman, O. (2004). Jaringan ulama: pembaharuan dan rekonsiliasi dalam tradisi intelektual islam di dunia Melayu-Indonesia. Studia Islamika, 11(2), 361–385. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v11i2.606 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v11i2.606
Ghazali, A. M. (2000). Ilmu Perbandingan Agama, Pengenalan Awal Metodologi Studi Agama. Pustaka Setia.
Ghazali, A. M. (2005). Pemikiran Islam Kontemporer. Pustaka Setia.
Ghazali, A. M. (2014). Perbandingan agama antar ilmu dan Jurusan. Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama Dan Sosial Budaya, 32(1), 18–20.
Grant, L., & Matemba, Y. H. (2013). Problems of assessment in religious and moral education: The Scottish case. Journal of Beliefs and Values, 34(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/13617672.2013.759338 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13617672.2013.759338
Hasanah, A. (2012). Pendidikan Karakter Berperspektif Islam. Insan Komunika.
Ibrahim, A. (2012). Denial, Trivialization, and Relegation of Pluralism: The Challenges of Managing Diversity in Multi-religious Malaysia and Indonesia. Studia Islamika, 19(3), 437–475. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v19i3.355 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v19i3.355
Maulana, D. (2017). The Exclusivism of Religion Teachers: Intolerance and Radicalism in Indonesian Public Schools. Studia Islamika, 24(2), 395–401. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v24i2.5707 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v24i2.5707
Mulyadi, S. (2014). Violence under the Banner of Religion: The Case of Laskar Jihad and Laskar Kristus. Studia Islamika, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v10i2.631 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v10i2.631
Permata, A. N. (2000). Metodologi Studi Islam. Pustaka Pelajar.
Romdon. (1996). Metodologi ilmu perbandingan agama: suatu pengantar awal. Raya Grafindo Persada.
Scheitle, C. P., & Ecklund, E. H. (2018). Perceptions of Religious Discrimination Among US Scientists. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 57(1), 139–155. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12503 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12503
Stark, R.,& Glock, C. Y. (1968). American piety: The nature of religious commitment (Vol. 1). Univ of California Press.
Suparlan, P. (1982). Pengertian Budaya, Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, dan Pengkajian Masalah-Masalah Makna. Departemen Agama Republik Indonesia.
Suriasumantri, J. S. (2001). Penelitian Ilmiah, Kefilsafatan, dan Keagamaan: Mencari Paradigma Kebersamaan. Dalam M. Deden Ridwan, Tradisi Baru Penelitian Agama Islam: Tinjauan Antar Disiplin Ilmu. Nuansa.
Testriono, T. (2008). Islamisasi Jawa: Adaptasi, Konflik, dan Rekonsiliasi. Studia Islamika, 15(2), 351–374. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v15i2.534 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v15i2.534
Truna, D. S. (2014). Id‘Ä’ al-ḥaq wa ḥudÅ«d al-tasÄmuḥ fÄ« tarbÄ«yat al-IslÄmÄ«yah: DirÄsah awwalÄ«yah fi al-kutub al-muqarrarah li tadrÄ«s mÄddah al-IslÄmÄ«yah bi al-jÄmi‘Ät al-IndÅ«nÄ«sÄ«ya. Studia Islamika, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.20.3.514.489-528 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.20.3.514.489-528
Wach, J. (1996). The Comparative Study of Religions. Columbia University Press.