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TEACHERS' CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR AS A PREDICTOR OF TEACHING PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTANI CONTEXT
Corresponding Author(s) : Muhammad Shabbir Ali
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 9 No. 3 (2021): May
Abstract
Purpose of the study: The current study investigated the correlation between teachers' organizational citizenship behavior and teaching performance at the primary level in the Lahore division of Punjab province, Pakistan.
Methodology: Researchers structured the descriptive and quantitative research, directed the positivistic paradigm, and obeyed the correlational design. The sample was selected on a random sampling technique named multi-stage sampling. Two hundred ninety subjects comprising male and female were selected from primary school. Two closed-ended tools were applied to collect the data. Both research instruments were pilot tested to ensure validity and reliability. Inferential statistical analysis techniques such as Pearson r, regression analysis, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA were run for data analysis.
Principal Findings: The results revealed a moderate statistically significant positive correlation between teachers' organizational citizenship behavior and teaching performance.
Applications of this study: The current study is helpful in how teaching performance can be enhanced at the primary level in the Lahore division of Punjab province, Pakistan.
Novelty/Originality of this study: for the first time, the association between organizational citizenship behavior and teaching performance at the primary level is examined in an emerging country like Pakistan.
Keywords
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- Abrar, U., & Isyanto, I. (2019). Pengaruh organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) terhadap kinerja karyawan (Studi pada PT. Urchindize Cabang Madura). JurnalPerilaku dan Strategi Bisnis, 7(2), 106-115. https://doi.org/10.26486/jpsb.v7i2.868 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26486/jpsb.v7i2.868
- ALHussain, A. Z. (2011). Barriers to knowledge management in Saudi Arabia. The George Washington University.
- Alkahtani, A. (2015). Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and rewards. International Business Research, 8(4), 210. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v8n4p210 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v8n4p210
- Amin, M., Shah, R., Ayaz, M., & Atta, M. A. (2013). Teacher's job performance at secondary level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Gomal University Journal of Research, 29(2), 32-38.
- Askafi, E., Chandrarin, G., Assih, P., & Respati, H. (2017). Organizational citizenship behavior as a way to improve performance: Evidence from Muslim Teachers in Indonesia. European Journal of Business and Management, 9(27), 36-44.
- Belogolovsky, E., & Somech, A. (2010). Teachers' organizational citizenship behavior: examining the boundary between in-role behavior and extra-role behavior from teachers, principals, and parents. Teacher & Teacher Education, 26, 914–923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2009.10.032 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2009.10.032
- Darsana, M. (2013). The influence of personality and organizational culture on employee performance through organizational citizenship behavior. The International Journal Of Management, 2(4), 35–42.
- Deery, S., Rayton, B., Walsh, J., & Kinnie, N. (2017). The costs of exhibiting organizational citizenship behavior. Human Resource Management, 56(6), 1039-1049. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21815 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21815
- De Geus, C.J.C., & Ingrams, A., Tummers, L., & Pandey, S.K. (2020). Organizational citizenship behavior in the public sector: A systematic literature review and future research agenda. Public Administration Review, 80(2), 259-270. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13141 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13141
- Dinka, D. D. (2018). Organizational citizenship behavior and employees' performance assessment: the case of Dire Dawa University. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Business, 4(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.11 648/j.ajtab.20180401.13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtab.20180401.13
- Fitriastuti, T. (2013). Pengaruh kecerdasan emosional, komitmen organisasional dan (OCB) terhadap kepuasan kerja dan organizational citizenship behavior terhadap kinerja karyawan. Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen, 4(2), 103-114.
- Ghanizadeh, A., & Jahedizadeh, S. (2015). Teacher burnout: a review of sources and ramifications. JESUS, 6, 24–39. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJESBS/2015/15162 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/BJESBS/2015/15162
- Grant, A. M. (2017). Solution-focused cognitive-behavioral coaching for sustainable high performance and circumventing stress, fatigue, and burnout. Consultancy Psychology Journal, 69, 98–111. https://doi.org/10.103 7/cpb0000086 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/cpb0000086
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- Hazzi, O.O. (2018). Organizational citizenship behavior: A holistic review. In A. Farazmand, (ed.), Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance (pp. 1-12). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3677-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3677-1
- Hemaloshinee, V., & Nomahaza, M. (2017). Organizational citizenship behavior in the hospitality industry: Bridging challenges, benefits, and contribution. International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management, 2(3), 243–250.
- Iqbal, H. K., Aziz, U., & Tasawar, A. (2012). Impact of organizational justice on organizational citizenship behavior: An empirical evidence from Pakistan. World Applied Sciences Journal, 19(9), 1348-1354.
- Jafari, P., & Bidarian, S. (2012). The relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 47, 1815-1820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. sbspro.2012.06.905 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.905
- Jex, S, M., & Britt, T. W. (2008). Organizational psychology a scientist-practitioner approach (2nd Ed.). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
- Khan, K. M., Khan, A. M., Ullah M., Usman, A., Farhat, S., (2020). Closing price determination; extent of manipulation and deterrent strategy formulation: a case of Pakistan Stock Exchange. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(14), 2689-2705.
- Khazaei, K., Khalkhali, A., & Eslami, N. (2011). Relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and performance of school teachers in West of Mazandaran Province. World Applied Sciences Journal, 13(2), 324- 330.
- Khan, K. M., Ullah M. (2021). Mediating Role of Ethical Leadership Between Employees Empowerment and Competitive Edge: A Case of Commercial Banks in Pakistan. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 9(2), 219-231. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9223 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9223
- Klotz, A. C., Bolino, M. C., Song, H., & Stornelli, J. (2018). Examining the nature, causes, and consequences of profiles of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(5), 629–647. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2259 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2259
- Konovsky, M. A., & Organ, D. W. (1996). Dispositional and contextual determinants of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 17, 253-266. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199605)17:3<253::AID-JOB747>3.0.CO;2-Q DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199605)17:3<253::AID-JOB747>3.0.CO;2-Q
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- Makruf , I., Putra, H, R., Muharom., Hafidah., & Maslamah. (2021). Self-Efficacy, job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) for teachers in all state primary schools of sukoharjo: A quantitative analysis. Elementary Education Online, 20(1), 1149-1154. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2021.01.111 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2021.01.111
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- Milk Cabang Yogyakarta. Jurnal Manajemen, 5(2), 61-69.
- Mokhniuk, A. M. (2016). The impact of monetary rewards on the motivation of employees. Roczniki Ekonomiczne Kujawsko- Pomorskiej Szkoły Wyższej w Bydgoszczy, 9, 336–346.
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- Sari, L. I. (2015). Pengaruh organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), komitmen organisasi dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Ultra Jaya Milk Cabang Yogyakarta. Jurnal Manajemen, 5(2), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.26460/jm.v5i2.192 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26460/jm.v5i2.192
- Schaufeli, W. B., & Buunk, B. P. (2003). Burnout: an overview of 25 years of research and theorizing. In Schabracq, M. J., Winnubst, J. The handbook of work and health psychology (pp. 383–425). West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/0470013400.ch19 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/0470013400.ch19
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- Siddique, A. (2016). Relationship between workplace spirituality and organizational citizenship behavior of secondary school teachers at Kasur district (Unpublished M.Phil. thesis). University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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References
Abrar, U., & Isyanto, I. (2019). Pengaruh organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) terhadap kinerja karyawan (Studi pada PT. Urchindize Cabang Madura). JurnalPerilaku dan Strategi Bisnis, 7(2), 106-115. https://doi.org/10.26486/jpsb.v7i2.868 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26486/jpsb.v7i2.868
ALHussain, A. Z. (2011). Barriers to knowledge management in Saudi Arabia. The George Washington University.
Alkahtani, A. (2015). Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and rewards. International Business Research, 8(4), 210. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v8n4p210 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v8n4p210
Amin, M., Shah, R., Ayaz, M., & Atta, M. A. (2013). Teacher's job performance at secondary level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Gomal University Journal of Research, 29(2), 32-38.
Askafi, E., Chandrarin, G., Assih, P., & Respati, H. (2017). Organizational citizenship behavior as a way to improve performance: Evidence from Muslim Teachers in Indonesia. European Journal of Business and Management, 9(27), 36-44.
Belogolovsky, E., & Somech, A. (2010). Teachers' organizational citizenship behavior: examining the boundary between in-role behavior and extra-role behavior from teachers, principals, and parents. Teacher & Teacher Education, 26, 914–923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2009.10.032 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2009.10.032
Darsana, M. (2013). The influence of personality and organizational culture on employee performance through organizational citizenship behavior. The International Journal Of Management, 2(4), 35–42.
Deery, S., Rayton, B., Walsh, J., & Kinnie, N. (2017). The costs of exhibiting organizational citizenship behavior. Human Resource Management, 56(6), 1039-1049. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21815 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21815
De Geus, C.J.C., & Ingrams, A., Tummers, L., & Pandey, S.K. (2020). Organizational citizenship behavior in the public sector: A systematic literature review and future research agenda. Public Administration Review, 80(2), 259-270. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13141 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13141
Dinka, D. D. (2018). Organizational citizenship behavior and employees' performance assessment: the case of Dire Dawa University. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Business, 4(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.11 648/j.ajtab.20180401.13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtab.20180401.13
Fitriastuti, T. (2013). Pengaruh kecerdasan emosional, komitmen organisasional dan (OCB) terhadap kepuasan kerja dan organizational citizenship behavior terhadap kinerja karyawan. Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen, 4(2), 103-114.
Ghanizadeh, A., & Jahedizadeh, S. (2015). Teacher burnout: a review of sources and ramifications. JESUS, 6, 24–39. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJESBS/2015/15162 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/BJESBS/2015/15162
Grant, A. M. (2017). Solution-focused cognitive-behavioral coaching for sustainable high performance and circumventing stress, fatigue, and burnout. Consultancy Psychology Journal, 69, 98–111. https://doi.org/10.103 7/cpb0000086 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/cpb0000086
Hakanen, J. J., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and work engagement among teachers. J. Sch. Psychol, 43, 495–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2005.11.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2005.11.001
Hazzi, O.O. (2018). Organizational citizenship behavior: A holistic review. In A. Farazmand, (ed.), Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance (pp. 1-12). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3677-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3677-1
Hemaloshinee, V., & Nomahaza, M. (2017). Organizational citizenship behavior in the hospitality industry: Bridging challenges, benefits, and contribution. International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management, 2(3), 243–250.
Iqbal, H. K., Aziz, U., & Tasawar, A. (2012). Impact of organizational justice on organizational citizenship behavior: An empirical evidence from Pakistan. World Applied Sciences Journal, 19(9), 1348-1354.
Jafari, P., & Bidarian, S. (2012). The relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 47, 1815-1820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. sbspro.2012.06.905 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.905
Jex, S, M., & Britt, T. W. (2008). Organizational psychology a scientist-practitioner approach (2nd Ed.). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Khan, K. M., Khan, A. M., Ullah M., Usman, A., Farhat, S., (2020). Closing price determination; extent of manipulation and deterrent strategy formulation: a case of Pakistan Stock Exchange. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(14), 2689-2705.
Khazaei, K., Khalkhali, A., & Eslami, N. (2011). Relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and performance of school teachers in West of Mazandaran Province. World Applied Sciences Journal, 13(2), 324- 330.
Khan, K. M., Ullah M. (2021). Mediating Role of Ethical Leadership Between Employees Empowerment and Competitive Edge: A Case of Commercial Banks in Pakistan. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 9(2), 219-231. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9223 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9223
Klotz, A. C., Bolino, M. C., Song, H., & Stornelli, J. (2018). Examining the nature, causes, and consequences of profiles of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(5), 629–647. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2259 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2259
Konovsky, M. A., & Organ, D. W. (1996). Dispositional and contextual determinants of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 17, 253-266. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199605)17:3<253::AID-JOB747>3.0.CO;2-Q DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199605)17:3<253::AID-JOB747>3.0.CO;2-Q
Lestari, E. R., & Ghaby, N. K. F. (2018). Pengaruh organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) terhadap kepuasan kerja dan kinerja karyawan. Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Agroindustry, 7(2), 116-123. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.industria.2018.007.02.6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.industria.2018.007.02.6
Makruf , I., Putra, H, R., Muharom., Hafidah., & Maslamah. (2021). Self-Efficacy, job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) for teachers in all state primary schools of sukoharjo: A quantitative analysis. Elementary Education Online, 20(1), 1149-1154. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2021.01.111 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2021.01.111
Mamdani, K. F., & Minhaj, S. (2016). Effects of motivational incentives on employees' performance: A case study of banks of Karachi, Pakistan. Southeast Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics, and Law, 9(2), 32–39.
Milk Cabang Yogyakarta. Jurnal Manajemen, 5(2), 61-69.
Mokhniuk, A. M. (2016). The impact of monetary rewards on the motivation of employees. Roczniki Ekonomiczne Kujawsko- Pomorskiej Szkoły Wyższej w Bydgoszczy, 9, 336–346.
Newstorm, J. W., & Davis, K. (2002). Organizational citizenship behavior, human behavior at work (11th Ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Organ, D. W. (2018). Organizational citizenship behavior: Recent trends and developments. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 80, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104536 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104536
Pekaar, K. A., van der Linden, D., Bakker, A. B., & Born, M. P. (2017). Emotional intelligence and job performance: The role of enactment and focus on others' emotions. Human Performance, 30(2–3), 135–153. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959285.2017.1332630 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08959285.2017.1332630
Podsakoff, N. P., Whiting, S. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & Blume, B. D. (2009). Individual and organizational- level consequences of organizational citizenship behaviors: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(1), 122. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013079 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013079
Sadeghi, G., Ahmadi, M., & Yazdi, M. T. (2018). The relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and organizational performance (case study: Agricultural Jihad Organization of Mazandaran Province). Business Perspectives, 14(3), 317-324. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(3-si).2016.03 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(3-si).2016.03
Sari, L. I. (2015). Pengaruh organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), komitmen organisasi dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Ultra Jaya Milk Cabang Yogyakarta. Jurnal Manajemen, 5(2), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.26460/jm.v5i2.192 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26460/jm.v5i2.192
Schaufeli, W. B., & Buunk, B. P. (2003). Burnout: an overview of 25 years of research and theorizing. In Schabracq, M. J., Winnubst, J. The handbook of work and health psychology (pp. 383–425). West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/0470013400.ch19 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/0470013400.ch19
Schermerhorn, John. Hunt, James. Osborn, Richard. and Bien, M. (2010). Organizational Behavior. (L. Johnson, Ed.) (11th Ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Retrieved from www.wiley.com/go/returnlabel
Shahin, A., Shabani Naftchali, J., & Khazaei Pool, J. (2014). Developing a model for the influence of perceived organizational climate on organizational citizenship behaviour and organizational performance based on balanced score card. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 63(3), 290–307. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-03-2013-0044 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-03-2013-0044
Shanker, M. (2018). Organizational citizenship behavior in relation to employees' intention to stay in Indian organizations. Business Process Management Journal, 24(3). https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-02-2018-0048 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-02-2018-0048
Shen, B., McCaughtry, N., Martin, J., Garn, A., Kulik, N., & Fahlman, M. (2015). The relationship between teacher burnout and student motivation. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 85, 519–532. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12089 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12089
Shaikh, S., Channar, P., Shaikh, M., &, Ullah, M., (2021). Financial constraints and listed sugar mills on Pakistan Stock Exchange. International Journal of Management, 12(3), 70-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29270/JBS.12.2(2018).0118
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