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SKILL DEVELOPMENT: VOCATIONAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS & INDUSTRY ENGAGEMENT IN THE GARMENT AND TEXTILE INDUSTRY
Corresponding Author(s) : Nattavud Pimpa
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 8 No. 4 (2020): July
Abstract
Purpose of the study: Due to changes in the occupational structure and the new regulations in all global industries, skill development is critical for stakeholders from the local governments and industry persons. This study explores how companies and technical vocational education and training (TVET) institutions in Vietnam can promote new ways of skill development for the future workforce in the garment and textile industry. It aims to address issues that impede collaboration among both parties to promote the development of key future skills in the garment industry.
Methodology: Qualitative approach, using personal interview and secondary data, is adopted in this study. The research team conducted 54 semi-structured interviews with key informants in the garment industry and the vocational education and training sector. They include managers, teachers, and trainers, and students, the content analysis was performed in the data analysis process.
Main Findings: This study shows some complacencies in strong supports among stakeholders in the garment industry. Training institutions need to be upgrading their teaching staff and their skills, the institution curriculum, and the relationship with industry. Developing a relevant curriculum that meets the required skills is a starting point for TVET institutions in Vietnam. To strengthen the collaboration between institutions and enterprises, the government needs policies that support formal training and ongoing training, allowing the skill development for new employees as well as upgrading the skills of existing employees.
Applications of this study: The results of this study can be adopted by TVET institutions aiming at improving their industry engagement and skill-building for future graduates. Moreover, it can be used as a basis for policy development in skill development. Skill gaps are one of the key determinants of training investment made by firms and workers in the garment industry. Given the changing face of the labor market, both workers who are just entering the labor force and those that are already in the workforce have to be willing to learn new skills.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The study is specific to the global garment and textile industry, which is important and somewhat underestimate. The findings from this study can also apply to garment and textile from most developing countries aiming at improving their industry-education engagement strategies, by some Governments and policymakers in TVET.
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- Bodewig, C., Badiani-Magnusson, R., & Macdonald, K. (2014). Skilling up Vietnam: preparing the workforce for a modern market economy: World Bank Publications, Washington DC. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0231-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0231-7
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa DOI: https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
- Brown, J. S., Collins, A., & Duguid, P. (1989). Situated cognition and the culture of learning. Educational researcher, 18(1), 32-42. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X018001032 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X018001032
- Chand, S., Duncan, R., & Quang, D. (2001). The Role of Institutions in the Development of Vietnam. ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 18(3), 276-288. https://doi.org/10.1355/AE18-3C DOI: https://doi.org/10.1355/AE18-3C
- Collins. (2009). Economic Reform and Employment Relations in Vietnam (1 ed.). London Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203871478 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203871478
- Flick, U. (2014). An introduction to qualitative research: NY, Sage Publication.
- Fuller, A., Hodkinson, H., Hodkinson, P., & Unwin, L. (2005). Learning as peripheral participation in communities of practice: a reassessment of key concepts in workplace learning. British Educational Research Journal, 31(1), 49-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/0141192052000310029 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0141192052000310029
- GSO. (2014a). Statistical Yearbook of Vietnam 2014. Retrieved from https://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=515&idmid=5&ItemID=15197
- GSO. (2014b). Statistical Yearbook of Vietnam 2014. Hanoi, Vietnam Retrieved from https://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=515&idmid=5&ItemID=15197.
- Hager, P., Holland, S., & Beckett, D. (2002). Enhancing the learning and employability of graduates: The role of generic skills. Business/Higher Education Round Table: B-HERT Position Paper no, 9.Hayden, M., & Lam, T. (2007). Institutional autonomy for higher education in Vietnam. Higher Education esearch and development, 26(1), 73-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360601166828 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360601166828
- Huynh.C. (2011). Students in Ho Chi Minh City Are Weak in Soft Skills. Retrieved from http://talk.onevietnam.org/students-in-ho-chi-minh-city-are-weak-in-soft-skills/
- Ketels, C., Cung, N. D., Anh, N. T. T., & Hanh, D. H. (2010). Vietnam Competitiveness Report. Retrieved fromhttp://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/wpcontennt/uploads/2013/06/ACI_Vietnam_Competitiveness_Report_2010.pd
- Ketels, C., Cung, N. D., Anh, N. T. T., & Hanh, D. H. (2010). Vietnam Competitiveness Report. Retrieved from http://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/wpcontennt/uploads/2013/06/ACI_Vietnam_Competitiveness_Report_2010.pd
- Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation: Cambridge, Cambridge university press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815355 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815355
- Le, N. T. (2017). Designing the sewing line in garment industry (Thiet ke day chuyen may cong nghiep) Hanoi Bach Khoa.
- Le, T.-N., & Wang, C.-N. (2017). The Integrated Approach for Sustainable Performance Evaluation in Value Chain of Vietnam Textile and Apparel Industry. Sustainability, 9(3),23-34. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9030477 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9030477
- Lea-Quyen, L. (2010). Chances and challenges of Vietnam's textile and clothing industry: Germany, VDM Verlag.
- Lopez-Acevedo, Gladys C.; Robertson, R.. (2012). Sewing success? : employment, wages, and poverty following the end of the multi-fibre arrangement (English). Directions in development; poverty. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-8778-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-8778-8
- Montague, A. (2013). Vocational and skill shortages in Vietnamese manufacturing and service sectors, and some plausible solutions. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 51(2), 208-227. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7941.2012.00060.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7941.2012.00060.x
- Nankervis, A., Compton, R., Baird, M., & Coffey, J. (2011). Human resource management : strategy and practice (K. Robinson Ed.). Australia: Cengage Learning. nkervis, A., Verma, P., & Montague, A. (2016). 'Scarcity in plenty': Skills shortages and HRM competencies in Vietnam.
- Neupert, K. E., Baughn, C. C., & Thanh Lam Dao, T. (2005). International management skills for success in Asia. Journal of European Industrial Training, 29(2), 165-180. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590510585118 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590510585118
- Nghia, T. L. H. (2017). Developing generic skills for students via extra-curricular activities in Vietnamese universities: Practices and influential factors. Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability, 8(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.21153/jtlge2017vol8no1art624 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21153/jtlge2017vol8no1art624
- Nguyen D. C., Nguyen Thi T. A., Luu M. D. Nguyen M. T., Le Ph. (2013). Researching Report on Competitiveness of Exporting Firms in Textile, Seafood and Electronics Industries in Vietnam. Hanoi: Asian Fund & Central Institute for Economic Management & Research, 185 p.
- Oostendorp, R. H., & Doan, Q. H. (2013). Have the returns to education really increased in Vietnam? Wage versus employment effect. Journal of Comparative Economics, 41(3), 923-938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2012.12.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2012.12.002
- Painter, M. (2005). The Politics of State Sector Reforms in Vietnam: Contested Agendas and Uncertain Trajectories. Journal of Development Studies, 41(2), 261-283. https://doi.org/10.1080/0022038042000309241 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0022038042000309241
- Patton, M. Q. (2002). Designing qualitative studies. Qualitative research and evaluation methods, 3, 230-246.
- Pimpa, N. (2019). Entrepreneurship Education: The Learning Conundrum in the Transnational Context. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(5), 503-509. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7557 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7557
- Robson, C., & McCartan, K. (2016). Real world research: NY, John Wiley & Sons.
- Shen, J., & D'Netto, B. (2012). Impact of the 2007-09 Global Economic Crisis on Human Resource Management among Chinese Export-Oriented Enterprises. Asia Pacific Business Review, 18(1), 45-64. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2011.601163 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2011.601163
- Thang, L. C., & Quang, T. (2005). Human Resource Management Practices in a Transitional Economy: A Comparative Study of Enterprise Ownership Forms in Vietnam. Asia Pacific Business Review, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/1360238052000298362 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1360238052000298362
- Tran, T. T. (2013). Limitation on the development of skills in higher education in Vietnam. Higher Education, 65(5), 631-644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-012-9567-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-012-9567-7
- Trung, T. Q., & Swierczek, F. W. (2009). Skills Development in Higher Education in Vietnam. Asia Pacific Business Review, 15(4), 565-586. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602380802364175 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13602380802364175
- Vu, H. T., & Pham, L. C. (2016). A dynamic approach to assess international competitiveness of Vietnam's garment and textile industry. SpringerPlus, 5(1), 203. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-1912-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-1912-3
- Warner, M., Goodall, K., & Ding, D. Z. (1999). The 'Myth' of Human Resource Management in Chinese Enterprises. Asia Pacific Business Review, 5(3-4), 223-237. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602389900000011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13602389900000011
- Watson, D., Webb, R., & Johnson, S. (2006). Influence costs and the reporting of skill deficiencies. Human Relations, 59(1), 37-59. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726706062744 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726706062744
- World Bank. The (2015). Vietnam - STEP Skills Measurement Program 2012, Skills Toward Employment and Productivity. Retrieved from http://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/2018
- Wright, J., Cushman, L., & Nicholson, A. (2002). Reconciling industry and academia: Perspectives on the apparel design curriculum. Education & Training, 44(2/3), 122. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400910210424300 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00400910210424300
- Ying Chu, N., & Siu, N. Y. M. (2004). Training and enterprise performance in transition: evidence from China. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 15(4/5), 878-894. https://doi.org/10.1080/0958519042000192997 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0958519042000192997
References
Bodewig, C., Badiani-Magnusson, R., & Macdonald, K. (2014). Skilling up Vietnam: preparing the workforce for a modern market economy: World Bank Publications, Washington DC. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0231-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0231-7
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa DOI: https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Brown, J. S., Collins, A., & Duguid, P. (1989). Situated cognition and the culture of learning. Educational researcher, 18(1), 32-42. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X018001032 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X018001032
Chand, S., Duncan, R., & Quang, D. (2001). The Role of Institutions in the Development of Vietnam. ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 18(3), 276-288. https://doi.org/10.1355/AE18-3C DOI: https://doi.org/10.1355/AE18-3C
Collins. (2009). Economic Reform and Employment Relations in Vietnam (1 ed.). London Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203871478 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203871478
Flick, U. (2014). An introduction to qualitative research: NY, Sage Publication.
Fuller, A., Hodkinson, H., Hodkinson, P., & Unwin, L. (2005). Learning as peripheral participation in communities of practice: a reassessment of key concepts in workplace learning. British Educational Research Journal, 31(1), 49-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/0141192052000310029 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0141192052000310029
GSO. (2014a). Statistical Yearbook of Vietnam 2014. Retrieved from https://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=515&idmid=5&ItemID=15197
GSO. (2014b). Statistical Yearbook of Vietnam 2014. Hanoi, Vietnam Retrieved from https://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=515&idmid=5&ItemID=15197.
Hager, P., Holland, S., & Beckett, D. (2002). Enhancing the learning and employability of graduates: The role of generic skills. Business/Higher Education Round Table: B-HERT Position Paper no, 9.Hayden, M., & Lam, T. (2007). Institutional autonomy for higher education in Vietnam. Higher Education esearch and development, 26(1), 73-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360601166828 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360601166828
Huynh.C. (2011). Students in Ho Chi Minh City Are Weak in Soft Skills. Retrieved from http://talk.onevietnam.org/students-in-ho-chi-minh-city-are-weak-in-soft-skills/
Ketels, C., Cung, N. D., Anh, N. T. T., & Hanh, D. H. (2010). Vietnam Competitiveness Report. Retrieved fromhttp://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/wpcontennt/uploads/2013/06/ACI_Vietnam_Competitiveness_Report_2010.pd
Ketels, C., Cung, N. D., Anh, N. T. T., & Hanh, D. H. (2010). Vietnam Competitiveness Report. Retrieved from http://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/wpcontennt/uploads/2013/06/ACI_Vietnam_Competitiveness_Report_2010.pd
Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation: Cambridge, Cambridge university press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815355 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815355
Le, N. T. (2017). Designing the sewing line in garment industry (Thiet ke day chuyen may cong nghiep) Hanoi Bach Khoa.
Le, T.-N., & Wang, C.-N. (2017). The Integrated Approach for Sustainable Performance Evaluation in Value Chain of Vietnam Textile and Apparel Industry. Sustainability, 9(3),23-34. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9030477 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9030477
Lea-Quyen, L. (2010). Chances and challenges of Vietnam's textile and clothing industry: Germany, VDM Verlag.
Lopez-Acevedo, Gladys C.; Robertson, R.. (2012). Sewing success? : employment, wages, and poverty following the end of the multi-fibre arrangement (English). Directions in development; poverty. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-8778-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-8778-8
Montague, A. (2013). Vocational and skill shortages in Vietnamese manufacturing and service sectors, and some plausible solutions. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 51(2), 208-227. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7941.2012.00060.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7941.2012.00060.x
Nankervis, A., Compton, R., Baird, M., & Coffey, J. (2011). Human resource management : strategy and practice (K. Robinson Ed.). Australia: Cengage Learning. nkervis, A., Verma, P., & Montague, A. (2016). 'Scarcity in plenty': Skills shortages and HRM competencies in Vietnam.
Neupert, K. E., Baughn, C. C., & Thanh Lam Dao, T. (2005). International management skills for success in Asia. Journal of European Industrial Training, 29(2), 165-180. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590510585118 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590510585118
Nghia, T. L. H. (2017). Developing generic skills for students via extra-curricular activities in Vietnamese universities: Practices and influential factors. Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability, 8(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.21153/jtlge2017vol8no1art624 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21153/jtlge2017vol8no1art624
Nguyen D. C., Nguyen Thi T. A., Luu M. D. Nguyen M. T., Le Ph. (2013). Researching Report on Competitiveness of Exporting Firms in Textile, Seafood and Electronics Industries in Vietnam. Hanoi: Asian Fund & Central Institute for Economic Management & Research, 185 p.
Oostendorp, R. H., & Doan, Q. H. (2013). Have the returns to education really increased in Vietnam? Wage versus employment effect. Journal of Comparative Economics, 41(3), 923-938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2012.12.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2012.12.002
Painter, M. (2005). The Politics of State Sector Reforms in Vietnam: Contested Agendas and Uncertain Trajectories. Journal of Development Studies, 41(2), 261-283. https://doi.org/10.1080/0022038042000309241 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0022038042000309241
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Designing qualitative studies. Qualitative research and evaluation methods, 3, 230-246.
Pimpa, N. (2019). Entrepreneurship Education: The Learning Conundrum in the Transnational Context. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(5), 503-509. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7557 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7557
Robson, C., & McCartan, K. (2016). Real world research: NY, John Wiley & Sons.
Shen, J., & D'Netto, B. (2012). Impact of the 2007-09 Global Economic Crisis on Human Resource Management among Chinese Export-Oriented Enterprises. Asia Pacific Business Review, 18(1), 45-64. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2011.601163 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2011.601163
Thang, L. C., & Quang, T. (2005). Human Resource Management Practices in a Transitional Economy: A Comparative Study of Enterprise Ownership Forms in Vietnam. Asia Pacific Business Review, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/1360238052000298362 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1360238052000298362
Tran, T. T. (2013). Limitation on the development of skills in higher education in Vietnam. Higher Education, 65(5), 631-644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-012-9567-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-012-9567-7
Trung, T. Q., & Swierczek, F. W. (2009). Skills Development in Higher Education in Vietnam. Asia Pacific Business Review, 15(4), 565-586. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602380802364175 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13602380802364175
Vu, H. T., & Pham, L. C. (2016). A dynamic approach to assess international competitiveness of Vietnam's garment and textile industry. SpringerPlus, 5(1), 203. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-1912-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-1912-3
Warner, M., Goodall, K., & Ding, D. Z. (1999). The 'Myth' of Human Resource Management in Chinese Enterprises. Asia Pacific Business Review, 5(3-4), 223-237. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602389900000011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13602389900000011
Watson, D., Webb, R., & Johnson, S. (2006). Influence costs and the reporting of skill deficiencies. Human Relations, 59(1), 37-59. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726706062744 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726706062744
World Bank. The (2015). Vietnam - STEP Skills Measurement Program 2012, Skills Toward Employment and Productivity. Retrieved from http://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/2018
Wright, J., Cushman, L., & Nicholson, A. (2002). Reconciling industry and academia: Perspectives on the apparel design curriculum. Education & Training, 44(2/3), 122. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400910210424300 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00400910210424300
Ying Chu, N., & Siu, N. Y. M. (2004). Training and enterprise performance in transition: evidence from China. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 15(4/5), 878-894. https://doi.org/10.1080/0958519042000192997 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0958519042000192997