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DEMOCRACY EDUCATION THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF PESANTREN CULTURE
Corresponding Author(s) : Muh. Nur Rochim Maksum
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 8 No. 4 (2020): July
Abstract
Purpose of the study: The study aims to explore the development of Islamic boarding school culture as the basis of actualization democracy education in Pesantren.
Methodology: The study uses a qualitative approach with interviews and observations and documentation as a key research tool for data collection. As for the participation in this research is Islamic Modern Boarding School Assalaam Surakarta (PPMI Assalaam).
Main Findings: This study found three main themes to actualize democracy education through the development of the culture of Pesantren, namely 1) establishing the identity of Pesantren 2) created a vision and mission of Pesantren 3) integrating essential and instrumental values of pesantren with democratic values that are compatible with Islam.
Applications: This study can be useful to increase knowledge treasures and to be a prototype for the actualization of democracy education in educational institutions, especially in pesantren through the development of the democratic pesantren culture.
Novelty: This study created the basis and prototype of the actualization of democracy education in the school environment and especially the pesantren, through the building of the identity of Pesantren, creating the vision and mission of Pesantren and the integration of essential values and instrumental of pesantren with the values of democracy that is compatible with Islam. Carrying out the orders of the vision, mission, and objectives of Indonesian national education shown to eliminate education discrimination, and to make students able to live in the society and system of democracy, so important step of the development of school culture as the basis of it all.
Keywords
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- Aasebø, T. S., Midtsundstad, J., & Willbergh, I. (2015). Teaching in the age if accountability: Restrained by school culture?. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 49(3), 273-290. https://doi.org/10.1080/0 0220272.2015.1072249 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2015.1072249
- Aly, A. (2011). Pendidikan Islam Multikultural di Pesantren, Telaah Terhadap Kurikulum Pondok Pesantren Modern Assalaam Surakarta. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
- Sabic-El-Rayess, A. (2020). Epistemological shifts in knowledge and education in Islam: A new perspective on the emergence of radicalization amongst Muslims. International Journal of Educational Development 73(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2019.102148 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2019.102148
- Apergis, N. (2018). Education and democracy: New evidence from 161 countries. Journal Economic Modelling 71, 59-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2017.12.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2017.12.001
- Darbi, W. (2012). Of mission and vision statements and their potential impact on employee behaviour and attitudes: The case of a public but profit-oriented tertiary institution. International Journal of Business and Social Science. 14(3). 95-109.
- Aubusson, P., Watson, K., Vozzo, L., & Steele, F. (2005). Retrained teachers and school culture: Complex interactions. Teacher Development, 9(1), 59-77. https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530500200241 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530500200241
- Azra, A. (2003). Pendikan Kewargaan: Demokrasi, HAM dan Masyarakat Madani. Jakarta: Prenada Media.
- Azra, A. (2015). Civil education at Public Islamic Higher Education (PTKIN) and pesantren. Jurnal of Education in Muslim Society, 2(2), 167-177. https://doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v2i2.3186 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v2i2.3186
- Baise, M. (2003). Doing democracy in social studies methods. Theory & Research in Social Education, 31(1), 51-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2003.10473215 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2003.10473215
- Cho, Y. (2014). How well ordinary citizens understand democracy: The case of the South Korean electorate. Democratization, 21(2), 195-219. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2012.734808 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2012.734808
- Coffe, H. (2014). Education and support for representative, direct and stealth democracy. Journal Electoral Studies, 35, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2014.03.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2014.03.006
- Glaeser, E., Ponzetto, G., & Shleifer, A. (2006). Why does democracy need education?. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1-45. https://doi.org/10.3386/w12128 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3386/w12128
- Fatimah, M., Sutama., Aly, A. (2020). Religious culture development in community school: A Case Study Of Boyolali Middle School, Central Java, Indonesia, 8(2). 381-388. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8243 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8243
- Freedman, A., & Tiburzi, R. (2012). Progress and caution: Indonesia's democracy. Asian Affairs: An American Review, 39 (3), 131-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/00927678.2012.704832 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00927678.2012.704832
- Gandal, M., & Finn, Jr, C. E. (1992). Freedom Papers : Teaching Democracy. USA : United States Information Agency.
- Garmston & Wellman. (2013) The adactive school: A sourcebook for developing collaborating groups. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publisher.
- Giroux, H. A. (2008). Education and the crisis of youth: Schooling and the promise of democracy. The Educational Forum, 73(1), 8-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131720802539523 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00131720802539523
- Hansen, D. T., & James, C. (2015). The importance of cultivating democratic habits in schools: Enduring lessons from democracy and ducation. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 48(1), 94-112. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2015.1051120 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2015.1051120
- Indrawati, N. (2014). Management by inspiration: Implementation of transformational leadership on business at pondok pesantren*) Sunan Drajat. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 115, 79-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.417 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.417
- Jwana, J., Anderson, L., & Bennett. (2010). Democratic school leadership reforms in Kenya: Cultural and historical challenges. Journal Of Educational Administration and History, 42(3), 247. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220620.2010.492962 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00220620.2010.492962
- KarakuÅŸ, M. (2017). An investigation of students perceptions about democratic school climate and sense of community in School. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5(5), 787-790. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2017.050511 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2017.050511
- Kuntowijoyo. (1997). Indentitas Politik Umat Islam. Bandung: Mizan.
- McCafferty, M. (2018). Kokomo: The history and meaning of a remarkable and elusive. Names: A Journal of Onomastics, 66(2), 75-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/00277738.2017.1415535 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00277738.2017.1415535
- McDonnell, J. (2013). Reimagining the role of art in the Relationship between democracy and education. Journal of Educational Philosophy and theory, 46(1), 46-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2011.00802.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2011.00802.x
- Minkenberg, M. (2007). Democracy and religion: Theoretical and empirical observations on the relationship between Christianity, Islam and Liberal Democracy. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 33(6), 887-909. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830701432731 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830701432731
- Mulyasa, H. E & Aryani, W.D. (2017). Developing religious culture in school. The International Journal Of Scienctific & The Chnology Research, 6(7), 263-267.
- Munck, G. L. (2016). What is democracy? A reconceptualization of the quality of democracy. Democratization, 23(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2014.918104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2014.918104
- Oelkers, J. (2017). The european crisis and education for democracy. The European Legacy, 22(7-8), 832-843. https://doi.org/10.1080/10848770.2017.1368781 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10848770.2017.1368781
- Paryono. (2018). Pondasi Hukum Peradaban Barat : Pengaruh Terhadap Pengaturan Serta Penguasaan Sumber Daya Alam dan Energi, Dalam Pemikiran Hukum Profetik: Ragam Paradigma Menuju Hukum Berketuhanan. Yogyakarta: Ruas Media.
- Patriadi, H. B., Bakar, M. Z., & Hamat, Z. (2015). Human security in local wisdom perspective: Pesantren and its responsibility to protect people. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 28, 100-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.015
- Preskill, S. (1997). Discussion schooling, and the struggle for Democracy. Theory & Research in Social Education, 25(3), 316-345. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.1997.10505810 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.1997.10505810
- Quay, J. (2016). Not “democratic education†but “democracy and educationâ€: Reconsidering Dewey’s oft misunderstood introduction to the philosophy of education. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 48(10),1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2016.1174098 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2016.1174098
- Ramli, M. (2017). Manajemen dan kepemimpinan pesantren: Dinamika kepemimpinan kiyai di Pesantren. Jurnal Al-Falah, 17(32), 128-140.
- Royani, A. (2018). Pesantren dalam bingkai sejarah perjuangan kemerdekaan Indonesia. Journal Of Islam Nusantara. 2(1), 121-128. https://doi.org/10.33852/jurnalin.v2i1.75 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33852/jurnalin.v2i1.75
- Sanli,O. (2015). The significane of establishing democratic education environmet at School. Journal Of Education And Instructional Studies In The World, 5(2), 1-8.
- Schipper, T, M ., de Vries, S., Goei, S. L., & van Veen, K. (2019). Promoting a professional school culture through lesson study? An examination of school culture, school conditions, and teacher self-efficacy. Professional Development in Education, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2019.1634627 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2019.1634627
- Schoeman, M. (2010). Education for Democracy. South African Journal of Philosophy. 29(2), 132-139. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajpem.v29i2.57056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/sajpem.v29i2.57056
- Sharma, S. (2019). Democratic values, freedom, control, and life satisfication. Economic Affairs. 64(1), 217-231. https://doi.org/10.30954/0424-2513.1.2019.26 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30954/0424-2513.1.2019.26
- Storm, L. (2008). An elemental definition of democracy and its advantages for comparing political regime types. Democratization, 15(2), 215-229. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510340701846301 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13510340701846301
- Ubaedillah, A. (2018). Civic education for muslim students in the era of democracy: Lessons learned from Indonesia. The Review of Faith & International Affairs, 16(2), 50-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2018.1469837 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2018.1469837
- Wadhwa, S. (2016). Impact of vision and mission on organizational performance in Indian context. The International Journal Of Business & Management, 4 (12), 156-170.
- Waghid, Y. (2014). Islam, democracy and education for non-violence. Ethics and Education, 9(1), 69-78. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449642.2014.890327 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17449642.2014.890327
- Wekke, I. (2014). Arabic teaching and learning: A model from Indonesia muslim minority. Procedia-Social and Behavior Science, 9(1), 69-78. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.236.
- Gao,Y, G., Zang, L, Z., Roth, A., & Wang, P. (2017). Does democracy cause innovation? An empirical test of the popper hypothesis. Research Policy, 46(7). 1-12. ttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.05.014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.05.014
- Zamroni. (2011). Pendidikan Demokrasi pada Masyarakat Multikultural. Yogyakarta: Bigraf Publising.
References
Aasebø, T. S., Midtsundstad, J., & Willbergh, I. (2015). Teaching in the age if accountability: Restrained by school culture?. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 49(3), 273-290. https://doi.org/10.1080/0 0220272.2015.1072249 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2015.1072249
Aly, A. (2011). Pendidikan Islam Multikultural di Pesantren, Telaah Terhadap Kurikulum Pondok Pesantren Modern Assalaam Surakarta. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Sabic-El-Rayess, A. (2020). Epistemological shifts in knowledge and education in Islam: A new perspective on the emergence of radicalization amongst Muslims. International Journal of Educational Development 73(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2019.102148 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2019.102148
Apergis, N. (2018). Education and democracy: New evidence from 161 countries. Journal Economic Modelling 71, 59-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2017.12.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2017.12.001
Darbi, W. (2012). Of mission and vision statements and their potential impact on employee behaviour and attitudes: The case of a public but profit-oriented tertiary institution. International Journal of Business and Social Science. 14(3). 95-109.
Aubusson, P., Watson, K., Vozzo, L., & Steele, F. (2005). Retrained teachers and school culture: Complex interactions. Teacher Development, 9(1), 59-77. https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530500200241 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530500200241
Azra, A. (2003). Pendikan Kewargaan: Demokrasi, HAM dan Masyarakat Madani. Jakarta: Prenada Media.
Azra, A. (2015). Civil education at Public Islamic Higher Education (PTKIN) and pesantren. Jurnal of Education in Muslim Society, 2(2), 167-177. https://doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v2i2.3186 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v2i2.3186
Baise, M. (2003). Doing democracy in social studies methods. Theory & Research in Social Education, 31(1), 51-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2003.10473215 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2003.10473215
Cho, Y. (2014). How well ordinary citizens understand democracy: The case of the South Korean electorate. Democratization, 21(2), 195-219. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2012.734808 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2012.734808
Coffe, H. (2014). Education and support for representative, direct and stealth democracy. Journal Electoral Studies, 35, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2014.03.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2014.03.006
Glaeser, E., Ponzetto, G., & Shleifer, A. (2006). Why does democracy need education?. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1-45. https://doi.org/10.3386/w12128 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3386/w12128
Fatimah, M., Sutama., Aly, A. (2020). Religious culture development in community school: A Case Study Of Boyolali Middle School, Central Java, Indonesia, 8(2). 381-388. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8243 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8243
Freedman, A., & Tiburzi, R. (2012). Progress and caution: Indonesia's democracy. Asian Affairs: An American Review, 39 (3), 131-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/00927678.2012.704832 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00927678.2012.704832
Gandal, M., & Finn, Jr, C. E. (1992). Freedom Papers : Teaching Democracy. USA : United States Information Agency.
Garmston & Wellman. (2013) The adactive school: A sourcebook for developing collaborating groups. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publisher.
Giroux, H. A. (2008). Education and the crisis of youth: Schooling and the promise of democracy. The Educational Forum, 73(1), 8-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131720802539523 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00131720802539523
Hansen, D. T., & James, C. (2015). The importance of cultivating democratic habits in schools: Enduring lessons from democracy and ducation. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 48(1), 94-112. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2015.1051120 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2015.1051120
Indrawati, N. (2014). Management by inspiration: Implementation of transformational leadership on business at pondok pesantren*) Sunan Drajat. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 115, 79-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.417 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.417
Jwana, J., Anderson, L., & Bennett. (2010). Democratic school leadership reforms in Kenya: Cultural and historical challenges. Journal Of Educational Administration and History, 42(3), 247. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220620.2010.492962 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00220620.2010.492962
KarakuÅŸ, M. (2017). An investigation of students perceptions about democratic school climate and sense of community in School. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5(5), 787-790. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2017.050511 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2017.050511
Kuntowijoyo. (1997). Indentitas Politik Umat Islam. Bandung: Mizan.
McCafferty, M. (2018). Kokomo: The history and meaning of a remarkable and elusive. Names: A Journal of Onomastics, 66(2), 75-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/00277738.2017.1415535 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00277738.2017.1415535
McDonnell, J. (2013). Reimagining the role of art in the Relationship between democracy and education. Journal of Educational Philosophy and theory, 46(1), 46-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2011.00802.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2011.00802.x
Minkenberg, M. (2007). Democracy and religion: Theoretical and empirical observations on the relationship between Christianity, Islam and Liberal Democracy. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 33(6), 887-909. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830701432731 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830701432731
Mulyasa, H. E & Aryani, W.D. (2017). Developing religious culture in school. The International Journal Of Scienctific & The Chnology Research, 6(7), 263-267.
Munck, G. L. (2016). What is democracy? A reconceptualization of the quality of democracy. Democratization, 23(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2014.918104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2014.918104
Oelkers, J. (2017). The european crisis and education for democracy. The European Legacy, 22(7-8), 832-843. https://doi.org/10.1080/10848770.2017.1368781 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10848770.2017.1368781
Paryono. (2018). Pondasi Hukum Peradaban Barat : Pengaruh Terhadap Pengaturan Serta Penguasaan Sumber Daya Alam dan Energi, Dalam Pemikiran Hukum Profetik: Ragam Paradigma Menuju Hukum Berketuhanan. Yogyakarta: Ruas Media.
Patriadi, H. B., Bakar, M. Z., & Hamat, Z. (2015). Human security in local wisdom perspective: Pesantren and its responsibility to protect people. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 28, 100-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.015
Preskill, S. (1997). Discussion schooling, and the struggle for Democracy. Theory & Research in Social Education, 25(3), 316-345. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.1997.10505810 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.1997.10505810
Quay, J. (2016). Not “democratic education†but “democracy and educationâ€: Reconsidering Dewey’s oft misunderstood introduction to the philosophy of education. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 48(10),1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2016.1174098 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2016.1174098
Ramli, M. (2017). Manajemen dan kepemimpinan pesantren: Dinamika kepemimpinan kiyai di Pesantren. Jurnal Al-Falah, 17(32), 128-140.
Royani, A. (2018). Pesantren dalam bingkai sejarah perjuangan kemerdekaan Indonesia. Journal Of Islam Nusantara. 2(1), 121-128. https://doi.org/10.33852/jurnalin.v2i1.75 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33852/jurnalin.v2i1.75
Sanli,O. (2015). The significane of establishing democratic education environmet at School. Journal Of Education And Instructional Studies In The World, 5(2), 1-8.
Schipper, T, M ., de Vries, S., Goei, S. L., & van Veen, K. (2019). Promoting a professional school culture through lesson study? An examination of school culture, school conditions, and teacher self-efficacy. Professional Development in Education, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2019.1634627 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2019.1634627
Schoeman, M. (2010). Education for Democracy. South African Journal of Philosophy. 29(2), 132-139. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajpem.v29i2.57056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/sajpem.v29i2.57056
Sharma, S. (2019). Democratic values, freedom, control, and life satisfication. Economic Affairs. 64(1), 217-231. https://doi.org/10.30954/0424-2513.1.2019.26 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30954/0424-2513.1.2019.26
Storm, L. (2008). An elemental definition of democracy and its advantages for comparing political regime types. Democratization, 15(2), 215-229. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510340701846301 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13510340701846301
Ubaedillah, A. (2018). Civic education for muslim students in the era of democracy: Lessons learned from Indonesia. The Review of Faith & International Affairs, 16(2), 50-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2018.1469837 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2018.1469837
Wadhwa, S. (2016). Impact of vision and mission on organizational performance in Indian context. The International Journal Of Business & Management, 4 (12), 156-170.
Waghid, Y. (2014). Islam, democracy and education for non-violence. Ethics and Education, 9(1), 69-78. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449642.2014.890327 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17449642.2014.890327
Wekke, I. (2014). Arabic teaching and learning: A model from Indonesia muslim minority. Procedia-Social and Behavior Science, 9(1), 69-78. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.236.
Gao,Y, G., Zang, L, Z., Roth, A., & Wang, P. (2017). Does democracy cause innovation? An empirical test of the popper hypothesis. Research Policy, 46(7). 1-12. ttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.05.014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.05.014
Zamroni. (2011). Pendidikan Demokrasi pada Masyarakat Multikultural. Yogyakarta: Bigraf Publising.