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ASSOCIATION AMONG EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND JOB SATISFACTION OF UNIVERSITY TEACHERS IN DISTRICT CHARSSADA, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
Corresponding Author(s) : Zafar Iqbal
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 9 No. 3 (2021): May
Abstract
Purpose of the research: To cope with the upcoming challenges in the contemporary work environment and especially in organizational features, Emotional intelligence (EI) and Job satisfaction (JS) are taken as main highly interested assumptions by researchers because of serving as a viable role in the personal and organizational life of personals.
Methodology: Quantitative approach with a questionnaire as a research tool having 205 sample sizes was distributed among universities teacher’s in-district Charssada to collect the data. A random sampling technique was used for sample selection. KMO and Bartlett's Test for validity and Cronbach alpha for reliability were used respectively. Furthermore, statistical analysis was done by the researchers through descriptive statistics, t-test compression, and multiple regression analysis.
Main Findings: The teacher’s emotional intelligence shown a significant positive correlation with JS. furthermore, various aspects of EI were also explored for correlation with Job satisfaction. Results showed that ‘‘emotion regulation (ER)’’ (B=.362, p<.05) and ‘‘Social skills (SS)’’ (B=.564, p <.05) and self-awareness(SA)’’ (B=0.096, p <.05) have a positive and significant relationship with JS. While the last dimension of emotional intelligence, social-awareness (So-A) (B=0 .30, p >.05) was not found to be related to job satisfaction. Furthermore, ‘emotion regulation (ER)’’ was found to be a suppressor variable in the present research.
Applications of this study: The role of teachers’ emotional intelligence with the background to increase their job satisfaction level will be enlightening through this research. This study will also help university teachers to know their own emotions as well as the others, at the workplace. Results will help stimulate further research. Implications of the findings are discussed for academics and practitioners.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The core message of this study based on the correlative link of job satisfaction and emotional intelligence is that more rational thoughts are needed rather than effective action for teacher’s better performance in the workplace. From a theoretical perspective, the mentioned study focuses on important constructs and taking into account that, limited research is found on these two notions in the Pakistani context. Finding the relationship of emotional intelligence with job satisfaction in public university teachers in Pakistan is the novelty of the study as the research on this spectrum in the local population has not been considered before.
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- Briggs, A. R., Morrison, M., & Coleman, M. (2012). Research methods in educational leadership and management: Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473957695 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473957695
- Butakor, P. K., Guo, Q., & Adebanji, A. O. (2021). Using structural equation modeling to examine the relationship between Ghanaian teachers' emotional intelligence, job satisfaction, professional identity, and work engagement. Psychology in the Schools, 58(3), 534-552. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22462 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22462
- Çekmecelioğlu, H. G., Günsel, A., & Ulutaş, T. (2012). Effects of emotional intelligence on job satisfaction: An empirical study on call center employees. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 363-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1012
- Costa, H., Ripoll, P., Sánchez, M., & Carvalho, C. (2013). Emotional intelligence and self-efficacy: Effects on psychological well-being in college students. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 16. https://doi.org/10. 1017/sjp.2013.39 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2013.39
- D’Amico, A., Geraci, A., & Tarantino, C. (2020). The relationship between perceived emotional intelligence, work engagement, job satisfaction, and burnout in Italian school teachers: an exploratory study. Psihologijske teme, 29(1), 63-84. https://doi.org/10.31820/pt.29.1.4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31820/pt.29.1.4
- Ealias, A., & George, J. (2012). Emotional intelligence and job satisfaction: A correlational study. Research journal of commerce and behavioral science, 1(4).
- El Khouly, S., Ghoniem, A., Ghadami, M., & Ibrahim, M. (2011). Impact of emotional intelligence and gender on job satisfaction among Egyptian government sector employees. Current Research Journal of Social Sciences, 3(1), 22-27.
- Emdady, M., & Bagheri, N. (2013). The relation between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(1), 554-558.
- Fried, L., Mansfield, C., & Dobozy, E. (2015). Teacher emotion research: Introducing a conceptual model to guide future research.
- Gahan, P., & Abeysekera, L. (2009). What shapes an individual's work values? An integrated model of the relationship between work values, national culture, and self-construal. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(1), 126-147. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190802528524 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190802528524
- González-Calvo, G., & Arias-Carballal, M. (2017). A teacher’s personal-emotional identity and its reflection upon the development of his professional identity. The Qualitative Report, 22(6), 1693. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2017.2875 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2017.2875
- Gross, J. J. (1998). Sharpening the focus: Emotion regulation, arousal, and social competence. Psychological Inquiry, 9(4), 287-290. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0904_8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0904_8
- Güleryüz, G., Güney, S., Aydın, E. M., & Aşan, Ö. (2008). The mediating effect of job satisfaction between emotional intelligence and organizational commitment of nurses: A questionnaire survey. International journal of nursing studies, 45(11), 1625-1635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.02.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.02.004
- Hernández-Amorós, M. J., & Urrea-Solano, M. E. (2017). Working with emotions in the classroom: Future teachers’ attitudes and education. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 237, 511-519. https://doi.org/10.10 16/j.sbspro.2017.02.100 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2017.02.100
- In, J. (2017). Introduction of a pilot study. Korean Journal of anesthesiology, 70(6), 601. https://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2017.70.6.601 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2017.70.6.601
- Izadinia, M. (2015). A closer look at the role of mentor teachers in shaping preservice teachers' professional identity. Teaching and Teacher Education, 52, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2015.08.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2015.08.003
- John, J., Yatim, F. M., & Mani, S. A. (2011). Measuring service quality of public dental health care facilities in Kelantan, Malaysia. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 23(5), 742-753. https://doi.org/10.1177/1 010539509357341 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539509357341
- Jorfi, H., & Jorfi, S. (2011). Strategic operations management: Investigating the factors impacting communication effectiveness and job satisfaction. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 1596-1605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.09.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.09.003
- Kafetsios, K., & Loumakou, M. (2007). A comparative evaluation of the effects of trait emotional intelligence and emotion regulation on affect at work and job satisfaction. International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion, 2(1), 71-87. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWOE.2007.013616 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWOE.2007.013616
- Karlsson, M. (2013). Emotional identification with teacher identities in student teachers’ narrative interaction. European Journal of Teacher Education, 36(2), 133-146. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2012.686994 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2012.686994
- Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and psychological measurement, 30(3), 607-610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308
- Luzzi, L., & Spencer, A. (2011). Job satisfaction of the oral health labor force in Australia. Australian dental journal, 56(1), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01282.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01282.x
- Malik, S. Z., & Shahid, S. (2016). Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Academic Performance among Business Students in Pakistan. Bulletin of Education and Research, 38(1), 197-208.
- Maraichelvi, A., & Rajan, S. (2013). The relationship between emotional intelligence and the academic performance among final year undergraduates. Universal Journal of Psychology, 1(2), 41-45. https://doi.org/10 .13189/ujp.2013.010203 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13189/ujp.2013.010203
- Mayer, J. D., Caruso, D. R., & Salovey, P. (2016). The ability model of emotional intelligence: Principles and updates. Emotion Review, 8(4), 290-300. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073916639667 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073916639667
- Mghana, N. N. (2013). Factors influencing teachers’ job satisfaction in public secondary schools’ in Voi district Kenya. The University of Nairobi.
- Mohamad, M., & Jais, J. (2016). Emotional intelligence and job performance: A study among Malaysian teachers. Procedia Economics and Finance, 35, 674-682. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)00083-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)00083-6
- Msuya, O. W. (2016). Exploring levels of job satisfaction among teachers in public secondary schools in Tanzania.
- Nutsuklo, P. (2015). Factors affecting job satisfaction among teachers of some selected senior high schools in Accra. The University of Ghana.
- Pau, A., & Sabri, B. A. (2015). Relationship between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction in newly qualified Malaysian dentists. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 27(2), NP1733-NP1741. https://doi.org /10.1177/1010539512449855 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539512449855
- Prati, L. M., Douglas, C., Ferris, G. R., Ammeter, A. P., & Buckley, M. R. (2003). Emotional intelligence, leadership effectiveness, and team outcomes. The international journal of organizational analysis.
- Roorda, D. L., Koomen, H. M., Spilt, J. L., & Oort, F. J. (2011). The influence of affective teacher-student relationships on students' school engagement and achievement: A meta-analytic approach. Review of educational research, 81(4), 493-529. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654311421793 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654311421793
- Rust, D. A. (2014). Relationship between the emotional intelligence of teachers and student academic achievement.
- Å arić, M. (2015). ÄŒustva uÄiteljev: pregled raziskav s psiholoÅ¡ke perspektive. Journal of Contemporary Educational Studies/Sodobna Pedagogika, 66(4).
- Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach: John Wiley & Sons.
- Setoodeh Nezad, F., & Reza Bahramzade, M. (2013). Relationship between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences: Proceedings, 2(3 (s)), pp. 979-984.
- Shearer, C., & Webster, J. (1985). Aquatic hyphomycete communities in the River Teign. III. Comparison of sampling techniques. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 84(3), 509-518. https://doi.org/10.1016/S 0007-1536(85)80013-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(85)80013-9
- Sy, T., Tram, S., & O’hara, L. A. (2006). Relation of employee and manager emotional intelligence to job satisfaction and performance. Journal of vocational behavior, 68(3), 461-473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb .2005.10.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2005.10.003
- Syed Salim, S. S., Nasir, R., Mohamed Arip, M. A. S., & Mustafa, M. B. (2012). The role of emotional intelligence on job satisfaction among school teachers. The Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3923 /sscience.2012.125.129 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/sscience.2012.125.129
- Tagoe, T., & Quarshie, E. N. B. (2017). The relationship between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction among nurses in Accra. Nursing Open, 4(2), 84-89. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.70 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.70
- Weiss, D. J., Dawis, R. V., & England, G. W. (1967). Manual for the Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire. Minnesota studies in vocational rehabilitation. https://doi.org/10.1037/t05540-000 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/t05540-000
- Wijayati, D. T., Kautsar, A., & Karwanto, K. (2020). Emotional Intelligence, Work-Family Conflict, and Job Satisfaction on Junior High School Teacher's Performance. International Journal of Higher Education, 9(1), 179-188. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n1p179 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n1p179
- Wong, C.-S., & Law, K. S. (2002). The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude: An exploratory study. The leadership quarterly, 13(3), 243-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00099-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00099-1
- Wu, X., & Ye, Y. (2016). A Relationship Study of Teachers' Perception towards Professional Development and Their Job Satisfaction in the Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guangxi, China. Scholar: Human Sciences, 8(2).
- Yan, E. M., Evans, I. M., & Harvey, S. T. (2011). Observing emotional interactions between teachers and students in elementary school classrooms. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 25(1), 82-97. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2011.533115 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2011.533115
- Zembylas, M., & Papanastasiou, E. (2004). Job satisfaction among school teachers in Cyprus. Journal of Educational Administration. 42(3), 357-374. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230410534676 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230410534676
References
Briggs, A. R., Morrison, M., & Coleman, M. (2012). Research methods in educational leadership and management: Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473957695 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473957695
Butakor, P. K., Guo, Q., & Adebanji, A. O. (2021). Using structural equation modeling to examine the relationship between Ghanaian teachers' emotional intelligence, job satisfaction, professional identity, and work engagement. Psychology in the Schools, 58(3), 534-552. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22462 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22462
Çekmecelioğlu, H. G., Günsel, A., & Ulutaş, T. (2012). Effects of emotional intelligence on job satisfaction: An empirical study on call center employees. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 363-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1012
Costa, H., Ripoll, P., Sánchez, M., & Carvalho, C. (2013). Emotional intelligence and self-efficacy: Effects on psychological well-being in college students. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 16. https://doi.org/10. 1017/sjp.2013.39 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2013.39
D’Amico, A., Geraci, A., & Tarantino, C. (2020). The relationship between perceived emotional intelligence, work engagement, job satisfaction, and burnout in Italian school teachers: an exploratory study. Psihologijske teme, 29(1), 63-84. https://doi.org/10.31820/pt.29.1.4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31820/pt.29.1.4
Ealias, A., & George, J. (2012). Emotional intelligence and job satisfaction: A correlational study. Research journal of commerce and behavioral science, 1(4).
El Khouly, S., Ghoniem, A., Ghadami, M., & Ibrahim, M. (2011). Impact of emotional intelligence and gender on job satisfaction among Egyptian government sector employees. Current Research Journal of Social Sciences, 3(1), 22-27.
Emdady, M., & Bagheri, N. (2013). The relation between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(1), 554-558.
Fried, L., Mansfield, C., & Dobozy, E. (2015). Teacher emotion research: Introducing a conceptual model to guide future research.
Gahan, P., & Abeysekera, L. (2009). What shapes an individual's work values? An integrated model of the relationship between work values, national culture, and self-construal. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(1), 126-147. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190802528524 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190802528524
González-Calvo, G., & Arias-Carballal, M. (2017). A teacher’s personal-emotional identity and its reflection upon the development of his professional identity. The Qualitative Report, 22(6), 1693. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2017.2875 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2017.2875
Gross, J. J. (1998). Sharpening the focus: Emotion regulation, arousal, and social competence. Psychological Inquiry, 9(4), 287-290. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0904_8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0904_8
Güleryüz, G., Güney, S., Aydın, E. M., & Aşan, Ö. (2008). The mediating effect of job satisfaction between emotional intelligence and organizational commitment of nurses: A questionnaire survey. International journal of nursing studies, 45(11), 1625-1635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.02.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.02.004
Hernández-Amorós, M. J., & Urrea-Solano, M. E. (2017). Working with emotions in the classroom: Future teachers’ attitudes and education. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 237, 511-519. https://doi.org/10.10 16/j.sbspro.2017.02.100 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2017.02.100
In, J. (2017). Introduction of a pilot study. Korean Journal of anesthesiology, 70(6), 601. https://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2017.70.6.601 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2017.70.6.601
Izadinia, M. (2015). A closer look at the role of mentor teachers in shaping preservice teachers' professional identity. Teaching and Teacher Education, 52, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2015.08.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2015.08.003
John, J., Yatim, F. M., & Mani, S. A. (2011). Measuring service quality of public dental health care facilities in Kelantan, Malaysia. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 23(5), 742-753. https://doi.org/10.1177/1 010539509357341 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539509357341
Jorfi, H., & Jorfi, S. (2011). Strategic operations management: Investigating the factors impacting communication effectiveness and job satisfaction. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 1596-1605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.09.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.09.003
Kafetsios, K., & Loumakou, M. (2007). A comparative evaluation of the effects of trait emotional intelligence and emotion regulation on affect at work and job satisfaction. International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion, 2(1), 71-87. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWOE.2007.013616 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWOE.2007.013616
Karlsson, M. (2013). Emotional identification with teacher identities in student teachers’ narrative interaction. European Journal of Teacher Education, 36(2), 133-146. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2012.686994 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2012.686994
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and psychological measurement, 30(3), 607-610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308
Luzzi, L., & Spencer, A. (2011). Job satisfaction of the oral health labor force in Australia. Australian dental journal, 56(1), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01282.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01282.x
Malik, S. Z., & Shahid, S. (2016). Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Academic Performance among Business Students in Pakistan. Bulletin of Education and Research, 38(1), 197-208.
Maraichelvi, A., & Rajan, S. (2013). The relationship between emotional intelligence and the academic performance among final year undergraduates. Universal Journal of Psychology, 1(2), 41-45. https://doi.org/10 .13189/ujp.2013.010203 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13189/ujp.2013.010203
Mayer, J. D., Caruso, D. R., & Salovey, P. (2016). The ability model of emotional intelligence: Principles and updates. Emotion Review, 8(4), 290-300. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073916639667 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073916639667
Mghana, N. N. (2013). Factors influencing teachers’ job satisfaction in public secondary schools’ in Voi district Kenya. The University of Nairobi.
Mohamad, M., & Jais, J. (2016). Emotional intelligence and job performance: A study among Malaysian teachers. Procedia Economics and Finance, 35, 674-682. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)00083-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)00083-6
Msuya, O. W. (2016). Exploring levels of job satisfaction among teachers in public secondary schools in Tanzania.
Nutsuklo, P. (2015). Factors affecting job satisfaction among teachers of some selected senior high schools in Accra. The University of Ghana.
Pau, A., & Sabri, B. A. (2015). Relationship between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction in newly qualified Malaysian dentists. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 27(2), NP1733-NP1741. https://doi.org /10.1177/1010539512449855 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539512449855
Prati, L. M., Douglas, C., Ferris, G. R., Ammeter, A. P., & Buckley, M. R. (2003). Emotional intelligence, leadership effectiveness, and team outcomes. The international journal of organizational analysis.
Roorda, D. L., Koomen, H. M., Spilt, J. L., & Oort, F. J. (2011). The influence of affective teacher-student relationships on students' school engagement and achievement: A meta-analytic approach. Review of educational research, 81(4), 493-529. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654311421793 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654311421793
Rust, D. A. (2014). Relationship between the emotional intelligence of teachers and student academic achievement.
Å arić, M. (2015). ÄŒustva uÄiteljev: pregled raziskav s psiholoÅ¡ke perspektive. Journal of Contemporary Educational Studies/Sodobna Pedagogika, 66(4).
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach: John Wiley & Sons.
Setoodeh Nezad, F., & Reza Bahramzade, M. (2013). Relationship between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences: Proceedings, 2(3 (s)), pp. 979-984.
Shearer, C., & Webster, J. (1985). Aquatic hyphomycete communities in the River Teign. III. Comparison of sampling techniques. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 84(3), 509-518. https://doi.org/10.1016/S 0007-1536(85)80013-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(85)80013-9
Sy, T., Tram, S., & O’hara, L. A. (2006). Relation of employee and manager emotional intelligence to job satisfaction and performance. Journal of vocational behavior, 68(3), 461-473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb .2005.10.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2005.10.003
Syed Salim, S. S., Nasir, R., Mohamed Arip, M. A. S., & Mustafa, M. B. (2012). The role of emotional intelligence on job satisfaction among school teachers. The Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3923 /sscience.2012.125.129 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/sscience.2012.125.129
Tagoe, T., & Quarshie, E. N. B. (2017). The relationship between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction among nurses in Accra. Nursing Open, 4(2), 84-89. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.70 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.70
Weiss, D. J., Dawis, R. V., & England, G. W. (1967). Manual for the Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire. Minnesota studies in vocational rehabilitation. https://doi.org/10.1037/t05540-000 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/t05540-000
Wijayati, D. T., Kautsar, A., & Karwanto, K. (2020). Emotional Intelligence, Work-Family Conflict, and Job Satisfaction on Junior High School Teacher's Performance. International Journal of Higher Education, 9(1), 179-188. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n1p179 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n1p179
Wong, C.-S., & Law, K. S. (2002). The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude: An exploratory study. The leadership quarterly, 13(3), 243-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00099-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00099-1
Wu, X., & Ye, Y. (2016). A Relationship Study of Teachers' Perception towards Professional Development and Their Job Satisfaction in the Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guangxi, China. Scholar: Human Sciences, 8(2).
Yan, E. M., Evans, I. M., & Harvey, S. T. (2011). Observing emotional interactions between teachers and students in elementary school classrooms. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 25(1), 82-97. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2011.533115 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2011.533115
Zembylas, M., & Papanastasiou, E. (2004). Job satisfaction among school teachers in Cyprus. Journal of Educational Administration. 42(3), 357-374. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230410534676 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230410534676