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EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DIMENSIONS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON JOB SATISFACTION OF NURSES WORKING IN RURAL AREAS OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
Corresponding Author(s) : Iqra Nawaz
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021): March
Abstract
Purpose of the study: The current study has explored the effect of different dimensions of organizational culture on the job satisfaction of nurses working in the rural areas of Punjab, Pakistan.
Methodology: Present study used a cross-sectional, face-to-face approach. The researcher collected data from 452 nurses working at tehsil headquarter hospitals and rural health centres across Punjab with the help of an interview schedule. The effect of culture on the job satisfaction level of nurses Investigated with the help of Multiple regression techniques.
Main Findings: The analysis showed a 52% variation in job satisfaction because of the culture. Values and belief systems, feedback systems, innovation, growth and development opportunities, relationship patterns, autonomy, work environment were the significant determinants of job satisfaction. Whereas the facilities, communication, and vision were the nonsignificant determinants of job satisfaction in the present study.
Application of this study: The current research will be helpful to understand the prevailing culture of health care organizations. That will help the administrators and policymakers to understand the different factors which are responsible for low productivity.
Novelty /originality of this study: The study is novel in organizational studies because it adopts a holistic approach to consider all the significant components of culture.
Keywords
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- Ahmadi, K., & Alireza, K. (2007). Stress and Job Satisfaction among Air Force Military Pilots. Journal Of Social Sciences, 3(3), 159-163. https://doi.org/10.3844/jssp.2007.159.163 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3844/jssp.2007.159.163
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- Balthazard, P. A., Cooke, R. A., & Potter, R. E. (2006). Dysfunctional culture, dysfunctional organization: Capturing the behavioural norms that form organizational culture and drive performance. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(8), 709-732. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940610713253 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940610713253
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- Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The leadership quarterly, 14(6), 693-727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.09.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.09.001
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References
Ahmadi, K., & Alireza, K. (2007). Stress and Job Satisfaction among Air Force Military Pilots. Journal Of Social Sciences, 3(3), 159-163. https://doi.org/10.3844/jssp.2007.159.163 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3844/jssp.2007.159.163
Ahmed, I., Nawaz, M. M., Iqbal, N., Ali, I., Shaukat, Z., & Usman, A. (2010). Effects of motivational factors on employee's job satisfaction a case study of University of the Punjab, Pakistan. International Journal of business and management, 5(3), 70. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v5n3p70 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v5n3p70
Amabile, T. M. (1988). A model of creativity and innovation in organizations. Research in organizational behaviour, 10(1), 123-167.
Applebaum, D., Fowler, S., Fiedler, N., Osinubi, O., & Robson, M. (2010). The impact of environmental factors on nursing stress, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. The Journal of nursing administration, 40(0), 323-328. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNA.0b013e3181e9393b DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/NNA.0b013e3181e9393b
Arabshahi, M., & Arabshahi, G. (2014). The relationship between personal characteristics, communication, and job satisfaction. Management Science Letters, 4(7), 1594-1604. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2014.5.028 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2014.5.028
Balthazard, P. A., Cooke, R. A., & Potter, R. E. (2006). Dysfunctional culture, dysfunctional organization: Capturing the behavioural norms that form organizational culture and drive performance. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(8), 709-732. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940610713253 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940610713253
Carriere, J., & Bourque, C. (2009). The effects of organizational communication on job satisfaction and organizational commitment in a land ambulance service and the mediating role of communication satisfaction. Career Development International,14(1),29-49. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430910933565 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430910933565
Daniels, K. & Bailey, A.J. (1999). Strategy development processes and participation in decision making: predictors of role stressors and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Management Studies. 8 (1): 27-42.
Fachrunnisa, O., & Adhiatma, A. (2014). The role of workplace spirituality and employee engagement to enhance job satisfaction and performance. International Journal of Organizational Innovation, 7(1), 15-35.
Freeborn, D. K., & Hooker, R. S. (1995). Satisfaction of physician assistants and other nonphysician providers in a managed care setting. Public Health Reports, 110(6), 714.
Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The leadership quarterly, 14(6), 693-727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.09.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.09.001
Gochhayat, J., Giri, V., & Suar, D. (2017). Influence of Organizational Culture on Organizational Effectiveness: The Mediating Role of Organizational Communication. Global Business Review, 18(3), 691-702. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150917692185 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150917692185
Gutknect, M. D., & Miller, J. R. (1990). The organizational and human sourcebook. New York: Press of America.
Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey. Journal of Applied psychology, 60(2), 159. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076546 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076546
Huang, Y. S., & Chi, T. C. (2004). Internal marketing, organizational culture, job satisfaction, and operational performance: A study on international-class tourist hotels in Taiwan. J Manage Syst, 11(4), 485-507.
Hutcheson, G. and Sofroniou, N. (1999). The multivariate social scientist. London: Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9780857028075 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9780857028075
Hwang, E. (2018). Effects of the organizational culture type, job satisfaction, and job stress on nurses' happiness: A cross-sectional study of the long-term care hospitals of South Korea. Japan Journal Of Nursing Science, 16(3), 263-273. https://doi.org/10.1111/jjns.12235 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jjns.12235
Hynes, R., & Mickahail, B. K. (2019). Leadership, culture, and innovation. In Effective and creative leadership in diverse workforces (pp. 65-99). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02348-5_4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02348-5_4
Iqbal, S., Guohao, L., & Akhtar, S. (2017). Effects of Job Organizational Culture, Benefits, Salary on Job Satisfaction Ultimately Affecting Employee Retention. Review Of Public Administration And Management, 5(3), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.4172/2315-7844.1000229 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2315-7844.1000229
Jaworski, B. J., & Kohli, A. K. (1991). Supervisory Feedback: Alternative Types and their impact on salespeople's performance and satisfaction. Journal of Marketing Research, 28(2), 190-201. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224379102800206 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002224379102800206
Johnson, J. J., & McIntye, C. L. (1998). Organizational culture and climate correlates of job satisfaction. Psychological Reports, 82(3), 843-850. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.82.3.843 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.82.3.843
Joo, B. K. B., & Park, S. (2009). Career satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention: The effects of goal orientation, organizational learning culture and developmental feedback. Leadership & Organization Development Journal,31(6),482-500. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437731011069999 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01437731011069999
Kennerly, S.M. (1989). Leadership behaviour and Organizational Characteristics: implications for faculty satisfaction. Journal of Nursing Education, 28(5), 198-202. https://doi.org/10.3928/0148-4834-19890501-04 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3928/0148-4834-19890501-04
Kim, Y., Geun, H., Choi, S., & Lee, Y. (2016). The Impact of Organizational Commitment and Nursing Organizational Culture on Job Satisfaction in Korean American Registered Nurses. Journal Of Transcultural Nursing, 28(6), 590-597. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659616666326 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659616666326
Komah, I., Nugraemi, U., & Usman, O. (2019). Effect of Leadership Style, Organizational Culture, Communication and Job Satisfaction of Employees Work Discipline. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3313467 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3313467
Kossivi, B., Xu, M., & Kalgora, B. (2016). Study on Determining Factors of Employee Retention. Open Journal Of Social Sciences, 04(05), 261-268. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2016.45029 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2016.45029
Kotter, J.P. (2012) Corporate Culture and Performance, New York: The Free Press, pp.44-45.
Koustelios, A. (1996). The Influence of Organizational Culture on Job Satisfaction. Psychology, 3(2), 60-70.
Liu, Y., Aungsuroch, Y., & Yunibhand, J. (2016). Job satisfaction in nursing: a concept analysis study. International Nursing Review, 63(1), 84-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12215 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12215
Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology, 1, 1297-1343.
Locke, P., & Crawford, J. (1999). The relationship between commitment and organizational culture, subculture, leadership style and job satisfaction in organizational change and development. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 20(7), 365-374. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437739910302524 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01437739910302524
Maulidiyah, N. (2018). The Influence of Organizational Culture and Job Stress on Employees Performance by Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable in PT Binor Karya Mandiri Paiton Probolinggo. Asia Proceedings Of Social Sciences, 2(3), 141-145. https://doi.org/10.31580/apss.v2i3.350 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31580/apss.v2i3.350
McElroy, J., Smith-Miller, C. A., Madigan, C. K., & Li, Y. (2016). Cultural awareness among nursing staff at an academic medical centre. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 46(3), 146-153. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNA.0000000000000315 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/NNA.0000000000000315
Mengistu, M. M., & Bali, A. G. (2015). Factors associated with job satisfaction among health care workers at public hospitals of West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Regional staff, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Science journal of public health, 3(2), 161-167. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150302.12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150302.12
Mustafa, G., Glavee-Geo, R., & Rice, P. (2017). Teamwork orientation and personal learning: The role of individual cultural values and value congruence. SA Journal Of Industrial Psychology, 43(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v43i0.1446 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v43i0.1446
Nahar, B., Indratjahyo, H., & Guswandi, G. (2020). The Influence Of Organizational Culture And Organizational Commitment To Employee Performance Through Job Satisfaction At Pt. Seoilindo Primatama Bekasi. International Journal Of Business And Social Science Research,1(1), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.33 642/ijbssr.v1n1p2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33642/ijbssr.v1n1p2
Parker, S. K., & Sprigg, C. A. (1999). Minimizing strain and maximizing learning: the role of job demands, job control, and proactive personality. Journal of applied psychology, 84(6), 925. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.84.6.925 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.84.6.925
Pawirosumarto, S., Sarjana, P., & Gunawan, R. (2017). The effect of work environment, leadership style, and organizational culture towards job satisfaction and its implication towards employee performance in Parador Hotels and Resorts, Indonesia. International Journal of Law And Management, 59(6), 1337-1358. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-10-2016-0085 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-10-2016-0085
Pincus, J. D. (1986). Communication satisfaction, job satisfaction, and job performance. Human communication research, 12(3), 395-419. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1986.tb00084.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1986.tb00084.x
Population Census. 2017. Government of Pakistan. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.gov.pk
Redding, J. (1997). Hardwiring the learning organization. Training & Development, 51(8), 61-68.
Robbins, S.P. (1996). Organizational Behavior, concepts, controversies and applications. (7th Ed.). Englewood Cliffs.v New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
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