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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLIMATE CHANGE AND FOOD SECURITY: A CASE STUDY ON THE NORTHERN REGION OF MALAYSIA
Corresponding Author(s) : Rabiul Islam
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 7 No. 3 (2019): May
Abstract
Purpose of the Study: Climate change is an international agenda and entails a worldwide clarification. It is trendy now in Southeast Asia and the nastiest is yet to originate. In recent years, addressing climate change has been high on the global strategic program. There is now consent to avert worldwide heating and attainment of hazardous stages, which can be accomplished through mechanisms of alleviating conservatory gas releases. The target of this paper is to decide the linkages of the aspects of climatic variations and domestic resiliencies through the level of domestic food security among the deprived and squat revenue households in the Northern Region of Malaysia.
Methodology: In this study, the Northern Region of Malaysia covers four states, namely, Perlis, Kedah, Penang, and Perak. The current learning is founded on the primary data that were composed from March to June, 2018 over a questionnaire review of 400 deprived and less revenue families from the Malaysian states of Perlis, Kedah, Penang, and Perak. The sample was designated from E-Kasih poor domestic database founded on a cluster random sampling system.
Educational Implications: Primarily, the study is about the events of family nourishment safety according to the United States Agency for International Development – Household Food Insecurity Access (USAIDHFIA) model, and takes track of ordinal regressions under the Logit and Probit models.
Results: This study discovered that nourishment uncertainty is related to community and financial issues, and is also expressively related to climatic issues. Therefore, nutrition safety programs must be assimilated with the programs for climatic change variation.
Novelty: The innovation of this paper is the indicator of environmental sustainability in the Northern Region of Malaysia
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- Bala, B. K., Alias, E. F., Arshad, F. M., Noh, K. M., & Hadi, A. H. A. (2014). Modelling of food security in Malaysia. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 47: 152–164 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2014.06.001
- Balatibat, E. M. (2004). The Linkages between Food and Nutrition Security in Lowland and Coastal Villages in the Philippines. PhD Thesis. Wageningen: Wageningen University. 236p.
- Campell, C. (1991). Food Security: A Nutritional Outcome or a Predictor Variable? The Journal of Nutrition. American Institute of Nutrition, 121(3): 277-283. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/121.3.408
- Coates, Jennifer, Anne Swindale, & Paula Bilinsky (2007). Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for Measurement of Household Food Access: Indicator Guide, vol. 3. Washington, D.C.: Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project, Academy for Educational Development. 32p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/e576842013-001
- Cristofar, Sharron P., & P. Peter Basiotis (1992). Dietary intakes and selected characteristics of women ages 19-50 years and their children ages 1-5 years by reported perception of food sufficiency. Journal of Nutrition Education, vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 53-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3182(12)80650-9
- Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) (2004). Land Tenure Systems and Their Impacts on Food Security and Sustainable Development in Africa. Addis Ababa. 129p.
- Energy Information Administration (EIA) (2005). International Energy Annual 2005 – CO2 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Consumption of Coal, 1980-2006 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide). Washington, D.C.: Government of the United States. 216p.
- FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization), (1996). Implications of economic policy for food security: A training manual, Rome. 199p.
- FAO, (2008). Climate change and food security: a framework document, FAO, Rome, Italy. 197p.
- FAO. (2003). Trade reforms and Food security: Conceptualizing the Linkages. Rome: FAO. 203p.
- FAO. (2005). Bioenergy. Document No. COAG/2005/7. Rome. 237p.
- FAO. (2010). Climate-smart†agriculture: policies, practices and financing for food security, adaptation and mitigation. Rome. 191p.
- Frankenberger, T. R. (1992). Indicators and data collection methods for assessing household food security. In Household Food Security: Concepts, Indicators, and Measurements: a Technical Review, Simon Maxwell and Timothy R. Frankenberger, eds. New York: UNICEF; Rome: IFAD. 256p.
- Giraldo, D. P., Betancur, M. J., & Arango, S. (2008). Food security in developing countries: a systemic perspective, in: Paper Presented at the International Conference of the System Dynamics Society held on July 20–24 2008 at Athens, Greece. 74p.
- Haddad, L., Kennedy, E., & Sullivan, J. (1994). Choice of Indicators for Food Security and Nutrition Monitoring. Food Policy, 19 (3), 329-343. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-9192(94)90079-5
- Hindin, M. J. (2006). Women’s input in household decision and their nutritional status in three resource-constrained settings. Public Health Nutrition, vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 485-493. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/PHN2005865
- Huang, H. von Lampe, M. & van Tongeren, F. (2010). Climate change and trade in agriculture. Food Policy, 36: 9–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.10.008
- ILO. (2007). Chapter 4. Employment by sector. In Key indicators of the labour market (KILM), 5th edition. 109p.
- IPCC (2007).Climate change: the physical science basis. Fourth assessment report of the IPCC. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. 235p.
- Iram, Uzma, & Muhammad S. Butt (2004). Determinants of household food security: an empirical analysis for Pakistan. International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 31, No. 8, pp. 735-766. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/03068290410546011
- Lovendal, Christian Romer, & Macro Knowles (2006). Tomorrow’s hunger: a framework for analysing vulnerability to food security. Research Paper, No. 2006/119. Helsinki: United Nations University – World Institute for Development Economic Research. 119p.
- Maxwell, S. & M. Smith. (1992). "Household Food Security: a Conceptual Review." In Household Food Security: Concepts, Indicators, Measurements: A Technical Review. S. Maxwell and T. R. Frankenberger. New York and Rome: UNICEF and IFAD. 197p.
- Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment (MOSTE) (2001). National Response Strategies to Climate Change. Putrajaya, Malaysia. 216p.
- Myntti, C. (1993). Social determinants of child health in Yemen. Social Science & Medicine, vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 233-240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(93)90457-F
- National Census, (2010). Population and Housing Census of Malaysia, 2010. 177p.
- National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM) (2006). Final Report: Study of the Impact of Climate Change on the Hydrologic Regime and Water Resources of Peninsular Malaysia. National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM) and California Hydrologic Research Laboratory (CHRL), Malaysia. 181p.
- Negatu, W. (2006). Determinants of small farm household food security: evidence from south Wollo, Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Development Research, vol. 28, No. 1, pp.1-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/ejdr.v28i1.38636
- Nyariki, D. M., & Steve, W. (1997). Household food insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa: lesson from Kenya. British Food Journal, vol. 99, No. 7, pp. 249-262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00070709710179363
- Olson, C. M. (1997). Factors contributing to household food insecurity in rural upstate New York. Family Economics and Nutrition Review, vol. 10, pp. 2-17.
- Paterson, R. & Lim, N. (2010). How will climate change affect mycotoxins in food? Food Research International, 43: 1902–1914. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2009.07.010
- Pfeiffer, J., Stephen, G., & Lucy, R. L. (2001). Intra-household resource allocation and child growth in Mozambique: an ethnographic case-control study. Social Science & Medicine, vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 83-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00311-7
- Piaseu, N. (2006). Factors affecting food insecurity among urban poor in Thailand. South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 18, pp. 156-161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2005.11734058
- Pielke, R. (2007). Lifting the taboo on adaptation. Nature, vol. 445, No. 7128, pp. 597-598. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/445597a
- Riely, F., Mock, N., Cogill, B., Bailey, L., & Kenefick, E. (1999). Food Security Indicators and Framework for use in the Monitoring and Evaluation of Food Aid Programs, Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance, Washington, DC. 97p.
- Rose, D. & Peter, P. B. (1995). Improving federal efforts to assess hunger and food insecurity. FoodReview, vol. 18, No. 1 (Jan-Apr), pp. 18-23.
- Schmidhuber, J. & Tubiello, F. N. (2007). Global food security under climate change, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 104 (2007) 19703–19708. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0701976104
- Stern, Nicholas (2007). The Economics of Climate Change: the Stern Review. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 265-280. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511817434
- Tisdell, C. (1996). Economic indicators to assess the sustainability of conservation farming projects: an evaluation. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, vol. 57, No. 2-3, pp. 117-131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(96)01017-1
- Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: An Introductory Analysis, edition 2. New York: Harper and Row; Tokyo: John Weatherhill. 1130p.
- Yuhanz, H., Seraila, A., Muhammed, S. & Saleh, A. H. (2016). Sitting anthropometrics groupings of school children from grades 1 to 5. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, Special Volume 1: 80-85.
References
Bala, B. K., Alias, E. F., Arshad, F. M., Noh, K. M., & Hadi, A. H. A. (2014). Modelling of food security in Malaysia. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 47: 152–164 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2014.06.001
Balatibat, E. M. (2004). The Linkages between Food and Nutrition Security in Lowland and Coastal Villages in the Philippines. PhD Thesis. Wageningen: Wageningen University. 236p.
Campell, C. (1991). Food Security: A Nutritional Outcome or a Predictor Variable? The Journal of Nutrition. American Institute of Nutrition, 121(3): 277-283. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/121.3.408
Coates, Jennifer, Anne Swindale, & Paula Bilinsky (2007). Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for Measurement of Household Food Access: Indicator Guide, vol. 3. Washington, D.C.: Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project, Academy for Educational Development. 32p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/e576842013-001
Cristofar, Sharron P., & P. Peter Basiotis (1992). Dietary intakes and selected characteristics of women ages 19-50 years and their children ages 1-5 years by reported perception of food sufficiency. Journal of Nutrition Education, vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 53-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3182(12)80650-9
Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) (2004). Land Tenure Systems and Their Impacts on Food Security and Sustainable Development in Africa. Addis Ababa. 129p.
Energy Information Administration (EIA) (2005). International Energy Annual 2005 – CO2 World Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Consumption of Coal, 1980-2006 (Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide). Washington, D.C.: Government of the United States. 216p.
FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization), (1996). Implications of economic policy for food security: A training manual, Rome. 199p.
FAO, (2008). Climate change and food security: a framework document, FAO, Rome, Italy. 197p.
FAO. (2003). Trade reforms and Food security: Conceptualizing the Linkages. Rome: FAO. 203p.
FAO. (2005). Bioenergy. Document No. COAG/2005/7. Rome. 237p.
FAO. (2010). Climate-smart†agriculture: policies, practices and financing for food security, adaptation and mitigation. Rome. 191p.
Frankenberger, T. R. (1992). Indicators and data collection methods for assessing household food security. In Household Food Security: Concepts, Indicators, and Measurements: a Technical Review, Simon Maxwell and Timothy R. Frankenberger, eds. New York: UNICEF; Rome: IFAD. 256p.
Giraldo, D. P., Betancur, M. J., & Arango, S. (2008). Food security in developing countries: a systemic perspective, in: Paper Presented at the International Conference of the System Dynamics Society held on July 20–24 2008 at Athens, Greece. 74p.
Haddad, L., Kennedy, E., & Sullivan, J. (1994). Choice of Indicators for Food Security and Nutrition Monitoring. Food Policy, 19 (3), 329-343. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-9192(94)90079-5
Hindin, M. J. (2006). Women’s input in household decision and their nutritional status in three resource-constrained settings. Public Health Nutrition, vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 485-493. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/PHN2005865
Huang, H. von Lampe, M. & van Tongeren, F. (2010). Climate change and trade in agriculture. Food Policy, 36: 9–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.10.008
ILO. (2007). Chapter 4. Employment by sector. In Key indicators of the labour market (KILM), 5th edition. 109p.
IPCC (2007).Climate change: the physical science basis. Fourth assessment report of the IPCC. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. 235p.
Iram, Uzma, & Muhammad S. Butt (2004). Determinants of household food security: an empirical analysis for Pakistan. International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 31, No. 8, pp. 735-766. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/03068290410546011
Lovendal, Christian Romer, & Macro Knowles (2006). Tomorrow’s hunger: a framework for analysing vulnerability to food security. Research Paper, No. 2006/119. Helsinki: United Nations University – World Institute for Development Economic Research. 119p.
Maxwell, S. & M. Smith. (1992). "Household Food Security: a Conceptual Review." In Household Food Security: Concepts, Indicators, Measurements: A Technical Review. S. Maxwell and T. R. Frankenberger. New York and Rome: UNICEF and IFAD. 197p.
Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment (MOSTE) (2001). National Response Strategies to Climate Change. Putrajaya, Malaysia. 216p.
Myntti, C. (1993). Social determinants of child health in Yemen. Social Science & Medicine, vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 233-240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(93)90457-F
National Census, (2010). Population and Housing Census of Malaysia, 2010. 177p.
National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM) (2006). Final Report: Study of the Impact of Climate Change on the Hydrologic Regime and Water Resources of Peninsular Malaysia. National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM) and California Hydrologic Research Laboratory (CHRL), Malaysia. 181p.
Negatu, W. (2006). Determinants of small farm household food security: evidence from south Wollo, Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Development Research, vol. 28, No. 1, pp.1-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/ejdr.v28i1.38636
Nyariki, D. M., & Steve, W. (1997). Household food insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa: lesson from Kenya. British Food Journal, vol. 99, No. 7, pp. 249-262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00070709710179363
Olson, C. M. (1997). Factors contributing to household food insecurity in rural upstate New York. Family Economics and Nutrition Review, vol. 10, pp. 2-17.
Paterson, R. & Lim, N. (2010). How will climate change affect mycotoxins in food? Food Research International, 43: 1902–1914. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2009.07.010
Pfeiffer, J., Stephen, G., & Lucy, R. L. (2001). Intra-household resource allocation and child growth in Mozambique: an ethnographic case-control study. Social Science & Medicine, vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 83-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00311-7
Piaseu, N. (2006). Factors affecting food insecurity among urban poor in Thailand. South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 18, pp. 156-161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2005.11734058
Pielke, R. (2007). Lifting the taboo on adaptation. Nature, vol. 445, No. 7128, pp. 597-598. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/445597a
Riely, F., Mock, N., Cogill, B., Bailey, L., & Kenefick, E. (1999). Food Security Indicators and Framework for use in the Monitoring and Evaluation of Food Aid Programs, Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance, Washington, DC. 97p.
Rose, D. & Peter, P. B. (1995). Improving federal efforts to assess hunger and food insecurity. FoodReview, vol. 18, No. 1 (Jan-Apr), pp. 18-23.
Schmidhuber, J. & Tubiello, F. N. (2007). Global food security under climate change, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 104 (2007) 19703–19708. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0701976104
Stern, Nicholas (2007). The Economics of Climate Change: the Stern Review. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 265-280. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511817434
Tisdell, C. (1996). Economic indicators to assess the sustainability of conservation farming projects: an evaluation. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, vol. 57, No. 2-3, pp. 117-131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(96)01017-1
Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: An Introductory Analysis, edition 2. New York: Harper and Row; Tokyo: John Weatherhill. 1130p.
Yuhanz, H., Seraila, A., Muhammed, S. & Saleh, A. H. (2016). Sitting anthropometrics groupings of school children from grades 1 to 5. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, Special Volume 1: 80-85.