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OPTIMIZING TEACHER COMPETENCE TOWARDS IDEAL AND QUALITY EDUCATOR IN ISLAMIC SCHOOL
Corresponding Author(s) : Muthoifin
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 8 No. 3 (2020): May
Abstract
Purpose of the study: This study aims to determine the characteristics of ideal and quality teachers who pass the teacher competency test, teacher problems, teacher’s efforts in implementing learning, and the role of the principal in optimizing competencies to create ideal educators.
Methodology: This research is field research with a qualitative type using two methods in the data collection process, namely questionnaires and documentation. The research was conducted at MI Muhammadiyah Kartasura Surakarta.
Main Findings: Ideal and quality teachers are teachers who pass the professional competency test, which includes mastery of material, structure, concepts, and scientific mindsets that support the subject taught and sustainably develop professionalism through reflective action. While the efforts made are optimizing the use of various learning methods and media, as well as providing reinforcement or appreciation to students who ask or answer questions. The role of the principal in optimizing ideal teacher performance is to try to find solutions so that the learning process runs smoothly following the learning plan that has been made so it does not bring disadvantages to students.
Applications of this study: this research is expected to be applied in schools, universities, and the wider community that focuses on education issues and the quality of teachers and teaching, as well as competence and certification.
Novelty/Originality of this study: this study focuses on discussing problems, characteristics, concepts, and guidelines for optimizing teacher competence towards ideal and quality educators at MI Muhammadiyah Kartasura Surakarta and combined with the theory of ideal and professional teacher concepts according to the national education system in Indonesia.
Keywords
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- Agung, A. A. G., Gading, I. K., Werang, B. R., Sudiarta, I. G. P., & Marti, N. W. (2017). Investigating teachers’ perception on the importance of teachers’ certification and of professional development program in Indonesia: An empirical study from Bali. International Journal of Research Studies in Management, 6(1), 65–73. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsm.2017.1786 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsm.2017.1786
- Agung, L. (2018). Character Education Integration in Social Studies Learning. Historia: Jurnal Pendidik Dan Peneliti Sejarah, 12(2), 392. https://doi.org/10.17509/historia.v12i2.12111 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/historia.v12i2.12111
- Arsyad, Safnil, I. (2016). the Failure of Certification Program To Unify Indonesian Teachers ’ Perception on Teacher Professionalism : the Case of Bengkulu Junior and Senior High-School Teachers Kegagalan Program Sertifikasi Untuk Menyatukan Persepsi Guru Indonesia Tentang Profesio. TRIADIK, 15(2), 43–57.
- Bambang Sumardjoko, Sudarno Shobron, Muthoifin, P. (2020). Teacher Certification and Professionalism in Indonesia. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(8), 640–648.
- Chang, M. C. (2017). Teacher Reform in Indonesia (p. 15).
- Cholidian, M. A. (2018). Learning Motivation In Project Based Learning Model Of X Grade Student In Islamic Religious Education Learning In State Senior High School 7 Malang Thesis. In Central Library of UIN Malang (Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
- Claramita, M. (2016). Revealing “Tut Wuri Handayani†- A Student-Centred Learning Approach- by Ki Hajar Dewantara from The Early 20th Century: A Literature Review. Jurnal Pendidikan Kedokteran Indonesia; The Indonesian Journal of Medical Education, 5(1), 1–14. h DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpki.25295
- Daulay, H. P. (2017). Islamic Education In Indonesia : A Historical Analysis of Development and Dynamics. 4th International Conference the Community Development in ASEAN ®2017, 13(2), 291–307. http://mpsi.umm.ac.id/files/file/291_ Islamic Education In Indonesia A Historical Analysis.pdf
- Effendy, B., & Pertiwi, M. (2012). Indonesia’s Democratic Venture: History, Practice and the Challenge Ahead. Studia Islamika, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v19i3.356 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v19i3.356
- Estriyanto, Y. (2016). A Review of Indonesian Pre-Service Teacher Certification Policy from the Point of View of the Philosophy of Vocational Education. International Confrence on Teacher Training and Education, 1(1), 245–253.
- Fahmi, M., Padjadjaran, U., Surabaya, U. N., & Trust, S. (2014). Teacher Certification in Indonesia : A Confusion of Means and Ends Working Paper in Economics and Development Studies Department of Economics Teacher Certification in Indonesia : A Confusion of Means and Ends Mohamad Fahmi , Achmad Maulana , and Arief Ans (Issue April).
- Fahriany. (2014). Teacher Education In Indonesia (An Account on the Development and Programs to Improve the Professional Qualification and the Competence of Indonesia Teaching Personnel). Tarbiya, I(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v1i1.1107 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v1i1.1107
- Franzoni, A. L., & Assar, S. (2009). Student learning styles adaptation method based on teaching strategies and electronic media. Educational Technology and Society, 12(4), 15–29.
- Halimah, D. N. (2017). Improving The Students’ Vocabulary Mastery By Using Story Telling ( A Classroom Action Research at the Seventh Grade of SMP Ta’mirul Islam Surakarta in the Academic Year of 2016/2017). In IAIN Surakarta (Vol. 6). IAIN Surakarta.
- Haryanto, E., Mukminin, A., Murboyono, R., Muazza, M., & Ekatina, M. (2016). Teacher certification policy in Indonesia: Evidence from certified English teachers at one public high school. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 7(3), 224–244. https://doi.org/10.17569/tojqi.31703 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17569/tojqi.31703
- Irmawati, D., Widiati, U., & Cahyono, B. (2017). How Do Indonesian Professional English Teachers Develop Their Pedagogical Competence in Teaching Implementation? Arab World English Journal, 8(2), 293–307. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol8no2.21 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol8no2.21
- Kanokorn, S., Pongtorn, P., & Sujanya, S. (2014). Soft Skills Development to Enhance Teachers’ Competencies in Primary Schools. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 112(Iceepsy 2013), 842–846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1240 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1240
- Kusumawardhani, P. N. (2017). Does teacher certification program lead to better quality teachers? Evidence from Indonesia. Education Economics, 25(6), 590–618. https://doi.org/10.1080/09645292.2017.1329405 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09645292.2017.1329405
- Ministry of Education and Culture, C. for E. D. and S. and C. (2016). The Management of National Education in Year 2014/2015 at a Glance. In Ministry of Education and Culture (p. 124). Division of Utilization and Services. – Jakarta: Center for Educational and Cultural Data and Statistics, MoEC, 2016. http://publikasi.data.kemdikbud.go.id/uploadDir/isi_6549DA84-7A7F-44B5-AD22-829B1F002A4F_.pdf
- Muflih, A. (2014). Leadership Evolution of Salafiyah Boarding School Leader at Lirboyo Kediri. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 3(3), 34–50.
- Musfah, J. (2011). Professional Teacher Education (PPG) of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in Indonesia. Semantic Scholar, 11(2), 10–14. h
- Muthalib, A. (2012). Islamic Education Research Problem. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 6(2), 81. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v6i2.150 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v6i2.150
- Muthoifin, Nur Hanif Wachidah, R. A. R. (2020). Contribution of Kartini’s Thought on Women Education. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(2), 143–150. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.82e18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.82e18
- Muthoifin. (2016). Ki Hadjar Dewantara Educational Thought Perspective of Islamic Education. Prosiding ICTEE FKIP UNS, 1, 773–779.
- Muthoifin. (2019). Shariah Hotel and Mission Religion in Surakarta Indonesia. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(4), 973–979. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.74133 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.74133
- Muthoifin, & Nuha. (2016). the Optimization of Local Autonomy Politic for Nation Progress and Synergetic on Islamic Perspective. The 4th University Research Coloquium 2016, 72–79. https://publikasiilmiah.ums.ac.id/xmlui/handle/11617/7679
- Muthoifin, Nuha, & Shobron, S. (2020). Education and Leadership in Indonesia: A Trilogy Concept in Islamic Perspective. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(9), 4282–4286. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080954
- Noor, A. F., & Suyanto, S. (2019). The Analysis of Character Strengthening Strategy based on Teaching of Ki Hajar Dewantara in Industry 4.0. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 335(ICESSHum), 1002–1009. https://doi.org/10.2991/icesshum-19.2019.155 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/icesshum-19.2019.155
- Novita, P. (2019). What Happened to Initial Teacher Education in Indonesia ? AReview of the Literature. European Journal of Social Science Education and Research, 9563(December), 88–103. https://doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v6i3.p88-103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v6i3.p88-103
- Rahman, A. (2016). Teacher professional development in Indonesia: The influences of learning activities, teacher characteristics and school conditions. University of Wollongong Thesis Collections, 300. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo001549j DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jo001549j
- Ramdhani, N., Ancok, D., Swasono, Y., & Suryanto, P. (2012). Teacher Quality Improvement Program: Empowering Teachers to Increasing a Quality of Indonesian’s Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 69(Iceepsy), 1836–1841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.12.134 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.12.134
- Shobron, S., & Anshori, A. (2020). Method for Developing Soft Skills Education for Students. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(7), 3155–3159. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080744 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080744
- Shobron, S., & Rahman, S. A. (2019). Humanist islam in indonesia ahmad syafii maarif perspective. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(6), 780–786. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.76118 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.76118
- Siddik, D., Syafaruddin, S., & Widodo, H. (2017). The Implementation of Education and Training Program of Madrasah Islamic Religion Teacher in Improving Profesionalism Teacher (Case Study at Religious Traning Center Medan). IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 22(05), 01–09. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-2205080109 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-2205080109
- Sparrow, S. M. (2018). Teaching and assessing soft skills. In Journal of Legal Education (Vol. 67, Issue 2).
- Sukasni, A., & Efendy, H. (2017). The Problematic of Education System in Indonesia and Reform Agenda. International Journal of Education, 9(3), 183. https://doi.org/10.5296/ije.v9i3.11705 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5296/ije.v9i3.11705
- Supriatna, A. (2005). Indonesia ’ s Issues and Challenges on Teacher Professional Development. CICE Series, 4(2), 29–42.
- Surya, P. (2016). Student Teacher Recruitment in Indonesia: An Initial Step to Promote Teacher Professionalism and Teaching Professionalization. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 14(1), 457–462. https://doi.org/10.2991/icemal-16.2016.94 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/icemal-16.2016.94
- Surya, P. (2012). Reforming Teacher Training For Better Education In Indonesia. 5th International Indonesia Forum, 9–10.
- Syamsul Hidayat, Sudarno Shobron, E. C. (2020). Pancasila and Communism Perspectives on Islamic Thought. International Journal of Psicososial Rehabilitation, 24(8), 3500–3508.
- Tanang, H., & Abu, B. (2014). Teacher Professionalism and Professional Development Practices in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 3(2), 25–42. https://doi.org/10.5430/jct.v3n2p25 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5430/jct.v3n2p25
- Triyanto. (2012). Improving Teacher Profesionalism through Certification Program : An Indonesia Case Study. International Journal of Educational and Pedagogical Sciences, 6(7), 864–868.
- Utami, I. G. A. L. P. (2015). Teacher Certification Program in Indonesia: Problems and Recommendation for the Betterment of the Program. International Journal of English and Education, 4(2), 471–481.
- Wats, M., & Wats, R. K. (2009). Developing soft skills in students. International Journal of Learning, 15(12), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.18848/1447-9494/CGP/v15i12/46032 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18848/1447-9494/CGP/v15i12/46032
- Williams, C. (2007). Research Methods. Journal of Business and Economic Research, 5(3), 65–72.
References
Agung, A. A. G., Gading, I. K., Werang, B. R., Sudiarta, I. G. P., & Marti, N. W. (2017). Investigating teachers’ perception on the importance of teachers’ certification and of professional development program in Indonesia: An empirical study from Bali. International Journal of Research Studies in Management, 6(1), 65–73. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsm.2017.1786 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsm.2017.1786
Agung, L. (2018). Character Education Integration in Social Studies Learning. Historia: Jurnal Pendidik Dan Peneliti Sejarah, 12(2), 392. https://doi.org/10.17509/historia.v12i2.12111 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/historia.v12i2.12111
Arsyad, Safnil, I. (2016). the Failure of Certification Program To Unify Indonesian Teachers ’ Perception on Teacher Professionalism : the Case of Bengkulu Junior and Senior High-School Teachers Kegagalan Program Sertifikasi Untuk Menyatukan Persepsi Guru Indonesia Tentang Profesio. TRIADIK, 15(2), 43–57.
Bambang Sumardjoko, Sudarno Shobron, Muthoifin, P. (2020). Teacher Certification and Professionalism in Indonesia. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(8), 640–648.
Chang, M. C. (2017). Teacher Reform in Indonesia (p. 15).
Cholidian, M. A. (2018). Learning Motivation In Project Based Learning Model Of X Grade Student In Islamic Religious Education Learning In State Senior High School 7 Malang Thesis. In Central Library of UIN Malang (Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Claramita, M. (2016). Revealing “Tut Wuri Handayani†- A Student-Centred Learning Approach- by Ki Hajar Dewantara from The Early 20th Century: A Literature Review. Jurnal Pendidikan Kedokteran Indonesia; The Indonesian Journal of Medical Education, 5(1), 1–14. h DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jpki.25295
Daulay, H. P. (2017). Islamic Education In Indonesia : A Historical Analysis of Development and Dynamics. 4th International Conference the Community Development in ASEAN ®2017, 13(2), 291–307. http://mpsi.umm.ac.id/files/file/291_ Islamic Education In Indonesia A Historical Analysis.pdf
Effendy, B., & Pertiwi, M. (2012). Indonesia’s Democratic Venture: History, Practice and the Challenge Ahead. Studia Islamika, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v19i3.356 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v19i3.356
Estriyanto, Y. (2016). A Review of Indonesian Pre-Service Teacher Certification Policy from the Point of View of the Philosophy of Vocational Education. International Confrence on Teacher Training and Education, 1(1), 245–253.
Fahmi, M., Padjadjaran, U., Surabaya, U. N., & Trust, S. (2014). Teacher Certification in Indonesia : A Confusion of Means and Ends Working Paper in Economics and Development Studies Department of Economics Teacher Certification in Indonesia : A Confusion of Means and Ends Mohamad Fahmi , Achmad Maulana , and Arief Ans (Issue April).
Fahriany. (2014). Teacher Education In Indonesia (An Account on the Development and Programs to Improve the Professional Qualification and the Competence of Indonesia Teaching Personnel). Tarbiya, I(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v1i1.1107 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v1i1.1107
Franzoni, A. L., & Assar, S. (2009). Student learning styles adaptation method based on teaching strategies and electronic media. Educational Technology and Society, 12(4), 15–29.
Halimah, D. N. (2017). Improving The Students’ Vocabulary Mastery By Using Story Telling ( A Classroom Action Research at the Seventh Grade of SMP Ta’mirul Islam Surakarta in the Academic Year of 2016/2017). In IAIN Surakarta (Vol. 6). IAIN Surakarta.
Haryanto, E., Mukminin, A., Murboyono, R., Muazza, M., & Ekatina, M. (2016). Teacher certification policy in Indonesia: Evidence from certified English teachers at one public high school. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 7(3), 224–244. https://doi.org/10.17569/tojqi.31703 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17569/tojqi.31703
Irmawati, D., Widiati, U., & Cahyono, B. (2017). How Do Indonesian Professional English Teachers Develop Their Pedagogical Competence in Teaching Implementation? Arab World English Journal, 8(2), 293–307. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol8no2.21 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol8no2.21
Kanokorn, S., Pongtorn, P., & Sujanya, S. (2014). Soft Skills Development to Enhance Teachers’ Competencies in Primary Schools. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 112(Iceepsy 2013), 842–846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1240 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1240
Kusumawardhani, P. N. (2017). Does teacher certification program lead to better quality teachers? Evidence from Indonesia. Education Economics, 25(6), 590–618. https://doi.org/10.1080/09645292.2017.1329405 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09645292.2017.1329405
Ministry of Education and Culture, C. for E. D. and S. and C. (2016). The Management of National Education in Year 2014/2015 at a Glance. In Ministry of Education and Culture (p. 124). Division of Utilization and Services. – Jakarta: Center for Educational and Cultural Data and Statistics, MoEC, 2016. http://publikasi.data.kemdikbud.go.id/uploadDir/isi_6549DA84-7A7F-44B5-AD22-829B1F002A4F_.pdf
Muflih, A. (2014). Leadership Evolution of Salafiyah Boarding School Leader at Lirboyo Kediri. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 3(3), 34–50.
Musfah, J. (2011). Professional Teacher Education (PPG) of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in Indonesia. Semantic Scholar, 11(2), 10–14. h
Muthalib, A. (2012). Islamic Education Research Problem. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 6(2), 81. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v6i2.150 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v6i2.150
Muthoifin, Nur Hanif Wachidah, R. A. R. (2020). Contribution of Kartini’s Thought on Women Education. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(2), 143–150. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.82e18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.82e18
Muthoifin. (2016). Ki Hadjar Dewantara Educational Thought Perspective of Islamic Education. Prosiding ICTEE FKIP UNS, 1, 773–779.
Muthoifin. (2019). Shariah Hotel and Mission Religion in Surakarta Indonesia. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(4), 973–979. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.74133 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.74133
Muthoifin, & Nuha. (2016). the Optimization of Local Autonomy Politic for Nation Progress and Synergetic on Islamic Perspective. The 4th University Research Coloquium 2016, 72–79. https://publikasiilmiah.ums.ac.id/xmlui/handle/11617/7679
Muthoifin, Nuha, & Shobron, S. (2020). Education and Leadership in Indonesia: A Trilogy Concept in Islamic Perspective. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(9), 4282–4286. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080954
Noor, A. F., & Suyanto, S. (2019). The Analysis of Character Strengthening Strategy based on Teaching of Ki Hajar Dewantara in Industry 4.0. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 335(ICESSHum), 1002–1009. https://doi.org/10.2991/icesshum-19.2019.155 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/icesshum-19.2019.155
Novita, P. (2019). What Happened to Initial Teacher Education in Indonesia ? AReview of the Literature. European Journal of Social Science Education and Research, 9563(December), 88–103. https://doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v6i3.p88-103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v6i3.p88-103
Rahman, A. (2016). Teacher professional development in Indonesia: The influences of learning activities, teacher characteristics and school conditions. University of Wollongong Thesis Collections, 300. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo001549j DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jo001549j
Ramdhani, N., Ancok, D., Swasono, Y., & Suryanto, P. (2012). Teacher Quality Improvement Program: Empowering Teachers to Increasing a Quality of Indonesian’s Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 69(Iceepsy), 1836–1841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.12.134 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.12.134
Shobron, S., & Anshori, A. (2020). Method for Developing Soft Skills Education for Students. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(7), 3155–3159. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080744 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080744
Shobron, S., & Rahman, S. A. (2019). Humanist islam in indonesia ahmad syafii maarif perspective. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(6), 780–786. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.76118 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.76118
Siddik, D., Syafaruddin, S., & Widodo, H. (2017). The Implementation of Education and Training Program of Madrasah Islamic Religion Teacher in Improving Profesionalism Teacher (Case Study at Religious Traning Center Medan). IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 22(05), 01–09. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-2205080109 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-2205080109
Sparrow, S. M. (2018). Teaching and assessing soft skills. In Journal of Legal Education (Vol. 67, Issue 2).
Sukasni, A., & Efendy, H. (2017). The Problematic of Education System in Indonesia and Reform Agenda. International Journal of Education, 9(3), 183. https://doi.org/10.5296/ije.v9i3.11705 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5296/ije.v9i3.11705
Supriatna, A. (2005). Indonesia ’ s Issues and Challenges on Teacher Professional Development. CICE Series, 4(2), 29–42.
Surya, P. (2016). Student Teacher Recruitment in Indonesia: An Initial Step to Promote Teacher Professionalism and Teaching Professionalization. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 14(1), 457–462. https://doi.org/10.2991/icemal-16.2016.94 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/icemal-16.2016.94
Surya, P. (2012). Reforming Teacher Training For Better Education In Indonesia. 5th International Indonesia Forum, 9–10.
Syamsul Hidayat, Sudarno Shobron, E. C. (2020). Pancasila and Communism Perspectives on Islamic Thought. International Journal of Psicososial Rehabilitation, 24(8), 3500–3508.
Tanang, H., & Abu, B. (2014). Teacher Professionalism and Professional Development Practices in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 3(2), 25–42. https://doi.org/10.5430/jct.v3n2p25 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5430/jct.v3n2p25
Triyanto. (2012). Improving Teacher Profesionalism through Certification Program : An Indonesia Case Study. International Journal of Educational and Pedagogical Sciences, 6(7), 864–868.
Utami, I. G. A. L. P. (2015). Teacher Certification Program in Indonesia: Problems and Recommendation for the Betterment of the Program. International Journal of English and Education, 4(2), 471–481.
Wats, M., & Wats, R. K. (2009). Developing soft skills in students. International Journal of Learning, 15(12), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.18848/1447-9494/CGP/v15i12/46032 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18848/1447-9494/CGP/v15i12/46032
Williams, C. (2007). Research Methods. Journal of Business and Economic Research, 5(3), 65–72.