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SOCIAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT: CONNECTING MODERNIZATION AND FAMILY INSTITUTION ON QUALITATIVE GROUNDS
Corresponding Author(s) : Imran
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 8 No. 6 (2020): November
Abstract
Purpose of the study: The qualitative study has been designed with the primary objective to find the impact of and link between modernization and the changing facets of the family institution. The study also focused on exploring the various dimensions of modernization responsible for bringing change in the family institution.
Methodology: The data was collected from the different nature of potential participants from all seven tehsils of district Swat, Pakistan. In-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussion (FDG) were incorporated as research instruments, whereas an interview guide was used under IDIs and FGDs. The collected data were processed under the frame of qualitative research approach wherein after transcribing, and coding of the data themes was identified.
Main Findings: The thematic analysis of family structure, patriarchy, decision making in the family, and ways of communication exposed that due to modernization, the family institution is under continuous change.
Applications of this study: The research results can be applied to such studies that focus on changes in family institutions, communities with similar socio-cultural characteristics.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The unique feature of this study is that such kinds of topics have been very rarely investigated in the context of Pakistani society and especially in Pakhtun culture.
Keywords
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- Aarsand, P. A. (2007). Computer and video games in family life: The digital divide as a resource in intergenerational interactions. Childhood, 14(2), 235–256. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568207078330 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568207078330
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References
Aarsand, P. A. (2007). Computer and video games in family life: The digital divide as a resource in intergenerational interactions. Childhood, 14(2), 235–256. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568207078330 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568207078330
Ali, T. S., Krantz, G., Gul, R., Asad, N., Johansson, E., & Mogren, I. (2011). Gender roles and their influence on life prospects for women in urban Karachi, Pakistan: a qualitative study. Global health action, 4(1), 7448. https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v4i0.7448 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v4i0.7448
Bauman, R., Briggs, C. L., & Briggs, C. S. (2003). Voices of modernity: Language ideologies and the politics of inequality: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486647 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486647
Bharat, S. (1994). Alternate family patterns and policies: Alternate family pattern (Unit for Family Studies Report, pp. 72-76). Bombay, India: TISS.
Bhat, Z. A., & Thakur, S. S. (2019). A sociological study on changing family structure in Baramullah Kashmir. International Journal for Advance Research and Development, 4(3), 1-5.
Bodomo, A., Anderson, J., & Dzahene-Quarshie, J. (2009). A kente of many colours: multilingualism as a complex ecology of language shift in Ghana. Sociolinguistic Studies, 3(3), 357. https://doi.org/10.1558/sols.v3i3.357 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1558/sols.v3i3.357
Brown, H. D. (2000). Principles of language learning and teaching (Vol. 4): Longman New York.
Bumpass, L. L., Rindfuss, R. R., Choe, M. K., & Tsuya, N. O. (2009). The institutional context of low fertility: The case of Japan. Asian Population Studies, 5(3), 215-235. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730903351479 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730903351479
Cafferty, J. (2011). Technology replacing personal interactions at what cost? www.cnn.com
Chu, C. C., Xie, Y., & Yu, R. R. (2011). Co-residence with elderly parents: A comparative study of southeast China and Taiwan. Journal of Marriage and Family, 73(1), 120-135. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00793.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00793.x
Cobuild, C. (1987). English language dictionary. London: Harper Collins.
Cong, Z., & Silverstein, M. (2008). Intergenerational support and depression among elders in rural China: Do daughtersâ€inâ€law matter? Journal of Marriage and Family, 70(3), 599-612. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2008.00508.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2008.00508.x
Diamant, N. J., & O’Brien, K. J. (2015). Veterans’ political activism in China. Modern China, 41(3), 278-312. https://doi.org/10.1177/0097700414533631 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0097700414533631
DiMaggio, P., Eszter, H., Neuman, R. W., & Robinson, P. J. (2001). Social implications of the internet. Annual Review of Sociology. 27:307-336. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.307 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.307
Emanuel, R. (2007). Communication: Humanities’ core discipline. American Communication Journal, 9(2), 1-12.
Ezenweke, E. O. (2016). Rites of passage and sustainable development in traditional Africa: reflections for contemporary society. Journal of Religion and Human Relations, 8(2), 19-34.
Filipovic, J. (2013). The Rise of ‘Breadwinner Moms’ Is Less a Win for Equality Than It Looks. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/ jun/06/breadwinner-moms-equality
Francis, X., & Hezel, S. J. (1991). The dilemmas of development effects of modernization on their areas of Island. The University of Chicago.
George, I. N., & Uyanga, U. D. (2014). Youth and moral values in a changing society. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 19(6), 40-44. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-19614044 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-19614044
Guo, M., Chi, I., & Silverstein, M. (2009). Intergenerational support of Chinese rural elders with migrant children: Do sons’ or daughters’ migrations make a difference? Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 52(5): 534–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/01634370902983245 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01634370902983245
Hong, K. (2006). Impacts of rapid social and family changes on the mental health of children in Korea. Psychiatry Investigation, 3(1), 6.
Ibrahim, S., Abbasi, M. H., Adnan, A., & Bhatti, W. (2011). Cognition and impact of modernization in changing normative structure of family system (a case study). International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(14).
Iheriohanma, E. (2013). Science and the Scientific Nature of Research in the Social Sciences. Studies in Sociology of Science, 4(2), 19-30.
Imran., Muhammad, N., Alam, I., & Khan, N. (2020). Gauging the impact of modernization on marriage institution in Swat, Pakistan: a qualitative approach. Pakistan Journal of Society, Education and Language, 06(02), 95-106. https://pjsel.jehanf.com/index.php/journal/article/view/216/188
Imran., Niaz, M., Khattak, M. K., and Shah M. (2010). Socio-cultural stumbling blocks to women’s economic empowerment with special focus on Islamic perspective. Journal of Law and Society, 40(55&56). Law College University of Peshawar, Pakistan.
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Isiugo-Abanihe, U., & Alonge, S. (2002). Theory and research: The dynamic duo. Currents and perspectives in sociology. Lagos: Malthouse Press Limited.
Kabeer, N. (2007). Marriage, motherhood and masculinity in the global economy: reconfigurations of personal and economic life.
Kĩnoti, H. (2013). African Ethics: Gĩkũyũ Traditional Morality. Nairobi: CUEA.
Kothari, C. (2017). Research methodology methods and techniques second edition: New Age.
Kumar, R. (2011). Gender difference in the attitude of university standards towards modernization. Journal of Education & Pedagogy, 3, 2-12.
Lai, Q., & Thornton, A. (2015). The making of family values: Developmental idealism in Gansu, China. Social Science Research, 51, 174-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.09.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.09.012
Lerner, G. (2006). The patriarchal family. Beyond Borders: Thinking Critically About Global Issues, 243-255.
Madianou, M., & Miller, D. (2011). Mobile phone parenting: Reconfiguring relationships between Filipina migrant mothers and their left-behind children. New media & society, 13(3), 457-470. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810393903 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810393903
Malik, N. (2003). The impact of cable TV transmission on the residents of Multan. Unpublished master's thesis, Department of Mass Communication, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. Pakistan.
Mensah, J. V., & Augustina, A. (2016). Effects of modernisation on the socio-cultural aspects of families in Ajumako-Enyan-Essiam district in Ghana. International Journal of Economics, Commerce, and Management, 4(4).
Mesch, G. S. (2006). Family relations and the Internet: Exploring a family boundaries approach. The Journal of Family Communication, 6(2), 119-138. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327698jfc0602_2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327698jfc0602_2
Moazzama, N., Manj, Y., Farah, R., Awan, K., Aisha, S., Sameen, S., . . . Zeenia, A. (2014). Exposure to foreign media and changes in the cultural traits-a study conducted in district Sargodha and Multan. Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(4B), 563-570.
Mu, Z., & Xie, Y. (2014). Marital age homogamy in China: A reversal of the trend in the reform era? Social Science Research, 44, 141-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2013.11.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2013.11.005
Mullaiti, L. (1995). Families in India: Beliefs and realities. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 26(1), 11-25. https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.26.1.11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.26.1.11
Ojukwu, E. V., & Esimone, C. C. (2014). Inculcating morals in adolescents through the Igbo folk music. Paper presented at The 2014 WEI International Academic Conference Proceedings. https://www.westeastinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Ojukwu-andEsimone.pdf
Parreñas, R. S. (2005). Children of global migration: Transnational families and gendered woes: Stanford University Press.
Patton, M. Q. (2017). Principles-focused evaluation: The GUIDE: Guilford Publications. https://doi.org/10.1002/ev.20260 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ev.20260
Raymo, J., Park, H., & Xie, Y. W.-JJ Yeung. (2015).“. Marriage and Family in East Asia: Continuity and Change.†Annual Review of Sociology, 41(1), 471-492. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-073014-112428 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-073014-112428
Rindfuss, R. R., Bumpass, L. L., Choe, M. K., & Tsuya, N. O. (2004). Social networks and family change in Japan. American sociological review, 69(6), 838-861. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240406900605 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240406900605
Shahzad, M., Shahza, M., Fatima, S., Hussain, S., & Ahmed, T. (2015). Impact of Modernization and Changing Traditional Values of Rural Setup in District Khushab. The Explorer Islamabad. Journal of Social Sciences ISSN: 2411-0132 (E), 2411-5487 (P), 1(10), 394-397.
Sonawat, R. (2001). Compreendendo as famÃlias na Ãndia: uma imagem das mudanças na sociedade. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 17(2), 177-186. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-37722001000200010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-37722001000200010
Synod of Bishops. (2012). The new evangelization for the transmission of the Christian faith Lineamenta. Nairobi: Paulines Publications Africa.
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