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THE EFFECTS OF EDUCATION ON THE MAJOR LIFE ACTIVITIES OF ROAD TRAFFIC INJURY VICTIMS CONCERNING HEALTH SATISFACTION STATUS
Corresponding Author(s) : Waqas
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021): March
Abstract
Purpose of the study: To examine the satisfaction of the health status of RTI victims and to measure the association between the satisfaction of health status with the prevailing level of participation of RTI victims in various major life activities.
Methodology: This study follows a cross-sectional research design. A comprehensive interview schedule was designed and pre-tested before the actual process of data collection. For data analysis, SPSS v.20 was run for obtaining univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis.
Main Findings: At a bivariate level, it was found that RTI victims were having difficulty in walking, standing, sitting, and dysfunctional memory status had significantly associated with low health satisfaction. Furthermore, at the multivariate level, the victims with low educational status were more likely to report limitations in Major Life Activities (MLA), ultimately affecting their health satisfaction status.
Applications of this study: This research's findings can apply to such studies that emphasize the sociological perspectives for minimizing traffic crashes. Moreover, it also provides the role of education in controlling traffic injuries in the south Asian region.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is the first-ever attempt to determine the effects of MLA limitations on the health satisfaction status. Apart from describing the phenomenon from a sociological perspective, the article also enlightens the role of education in minimizing RTI injuries.
Keywords
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Alemany, R., Ayuso, M., & Guillén, M. (2013). Impact of road traffic injuries on disability rates and long-term care costs in Spain. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 60, 95–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2013.08.016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2013.08.016
Berg, H.-Y., Ifver, J., & Hasselberg, M. (2016). Public health consequences of road traffic injuries – Estimation of seriously injured persons based on risk for permanent medical impairment. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 38, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2015.12.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2015.12.007
Chaudhry, S. M. (2009). An Introduction to Statistical Theory (8th ed. 2009 ed.). Ilmi Kitab Khana, Lahore, Pakistan.
De Jong, J. R., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., de Gelder, J. M., & Patijn, J. (2011). Pain-Related Fear, Perceived Harmfulness of Activities, and Functional Limitations in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I. The Journal of Pain, 12(12), 1209–1218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2011.06.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2011.06.010
Dhondt, S., Macharis, C., Terryn, N., Van Malderen, F., & Putman, K. (2013). Health burden of road traffic accidents, an analysis of clinical data on disability and mortality exposure rates in Flanders and Brussels. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 50, 659–666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2012.06.019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2012.06.019
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542–575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
Diener, E. (2013). The Remarkable Changes in the Science of Subjective Well-Being. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(6), 663–666. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691613507583 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691613507583
Eikemo, T. A., Huisman, M., Bambra, C., & Kunst, A. E. (2008). Health inequalities according to educational level in different welfare regimes: a comparison of 23 European countries. Sociology of Health & Illness, 30(4), 565–582. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2007.01073.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2007.01073.x
Evans, D. B., Hsu, J., & Boerma, T. (2013). Universal health coverage and universal access. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 91(8), 546-546A. https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.13.125450 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.13.125450
Ghadipasha, M., Vaghefi, S. S., Kazemi Esfeh, S., Teimoori, M., Ouhadi, A. R., & Mirhosseini, S. M. (2015). An annual analysis of clinical diagnosis versus autopsy findings in fatal motor vehicle accident in legal medicine organization of Kerman province, Iran. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 34, 164–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2015.05.013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2015.05.013
Gopinath, B., Jagnoor, J., Elbers, N., & Cameron, I. D. (2017). Overview of findings from a 2-year study of claimants who had sustained a mild or moderate injury in a road traffic crash: prospective study. BMC Research Notes, 10(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-017-2401-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-017-2401-7
Guo, Y. E., & Togher, L. (2008). The impact of dysarthria on everyday communication after traumatic brain injury: A pilot study. Brain Injury, 22(1), 83–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699050701824150 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02699050701824150
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Hawthorne, G., Sansoni, J., Hayes, L., Marosszeky, N., & Sansoni, E. (2014). Measuring patient satisfaction with health care treatment using the Short Assessment of Patient Satisfaction measure delivered superior and robust satisfaction estimates. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 67(5), 527–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.12.010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.12.010
Herero, V. G., & Extremera, N. (2010). Daily life activities as mediators of the relationship between personality variables and subjective well-being among older adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(2), 124–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.019
Hoffman, J. M., Yorkston, K. M., Shumway-Cook, A., Ciol, M. A., Dudgeon, B. J., & Chan, L. (2005). Effect of Communication Disability on Satisfaction With Health Care. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 14(3), 221–228. https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2005/022) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2005/022)
Jacobsson, L., & Lexell, J. (2013). Life satisfaction 6–15 years after a traumatic brain injury. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 45(10), 1010–1015. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-1204 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-1204
Kesavayuth, D., Rosenman, R. E., & Zikos, V. (2015). Personality and health satisfaction. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 54, 64–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2014.11.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2014.11.005
Kim, E. G., Lee, D. G., Jeong, W. J., Cho, H. S., Bae, J. I., Kim, S. H., & Kim, K. H. (2009). The Clinical Study on 500 Cases with Traffic Accident Patients Admitted in Oriental Medical Hospital. Journal of Acupuncture Research, 26(5), 29-38
Kim, Y.-J. (2011). A systematic review of factors contributing to outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 20(11–12), 1518–1532. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03618.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03618.x
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Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research Methodology 2nd Ed. New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers.
Kumar, R. (2019). Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners (5th ed.). SAGE Publications Ltd.
Åabudzki, J., & Tasiemski, T. (2013). Physical Activity and Life Satisfaction in Blind and Visually Impaired Individuals. Human Movement, 14(3), 210–216. https://doi.org/10.2478/humo-2013-0025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/humo-2013-0025
Lin, C.-Y., & Cheng, T.-C. (2019). Health status and life satisfaction among people with disabilities: Evidence from Taiwan. Disability and Health Journal, 12(2), 249–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2018.10.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2018.10.008
Mashreky, S. R., Rahman, A., Khan, T. F., Faruque, M., Svanström, L., & Rahman, F. (2010). Hospital burden of road traffic injury: Major concern in primary and secondary level hospitals in Bangladesh. Public Health, 124(4), 185–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2010.01.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2010.01.004
Másilková, M. (2017). Health and social consequences of road traffic accidents. Kontakt, 19(1), e43–e47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kontakt.2017.01.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kontakt.2017.01.007
Mayou, R. A., Black, J., & Bryant, B. (2000). Unconsciousness, amnesia and psychiatric symptoms following road traffic accident injury. British Journal of Psychiatry, 177(6), 540–545. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.177.6.540 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.177.6.540
Mayou, R. A., Ehlers, A., & Bryant, B. (2002). Posttraumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accidents: 3-year follow-up of a prospective longitudinal study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(6), 665–675. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00069-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00069-9
Mayou, R., & Bryant, B. (2003). Consequences of road traffic accidents for different types of road user. Injury, 34(3), 197-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-1383(02)00285-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-1383(02)00285-1
Mohamad, M. M., Sulaiman, N. L., Sern, L. C., & Salleh, K. M. (2015). Measuring the Validity and Reliability of Research Instruments. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 204, 164–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.08.129 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.08.129
Okun, M. A., & Stock, W. A. (1987). Correlates and Components of Subjective Well-Being Among the Elderly. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 6(1), 95–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/073346488700600108 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/073346488700600108
Peden, M., Scurfield, R., Sleet, D., Mohan, D., Hyder, A. A., Jarawan, E., & Mathers, C. (2004). World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention. World Health Organization.
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