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ANTIGONE FOR THE AGE OF TERROR: TRANSTEXTUALITY IN KAMILA SHAMSIE’S HOMEFIRE
Corresponding Author(s) : Imdad Ullah Khan
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
Vol. 9 No. 3 (2021): May
Abstract
Purpose: The current qualitative study attempts to explore intertextuality in Kamila Shamsie’s novel Homefire, published in 2017. This paper attempts to analyze the role it plays in the creation and understanding of meaning by employing Gerard Genette’s theory of Intertextuality (Genette’s Transtextuality).
Methodology: For this purpose, the study is conducted from the postmodern theoretical perspective of Intertextuality. Homefire is a modern retelling of Sophocles’ Antigone. The novel captures the enigma of British Muslims struggling to defend their loyalty to the crown while maintaining their unique cultural and religious identities, in the wake of rising islamophobia in Britain.
Main Findings: The study finds that the interwoven intertextuality not only provides a basic framework for the plot and characters, but also juxtaposes the ancient world with the contemporary world along with the invariable conflicts, complexities, and similarities.
Implications: This study shows that the face of human conflict might get changed but the integral emotions and conflicts remain the same. This implies that using intertextual references enhances the text with poignant meanings through ages.
Novelty/Originality: Homefire as a recent text talking about islamophobia in Britain being a retelling of a classical Sophocles play is something that.
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- Allen, G. (2006). Intertextuality. London: Routledge. Print.
- Bakhtin, M. (1981) The dialogic imagination: Four essays. Austin: University of Texas Press.
- Baldick, R., Kahng, A. B., Kennings, A., & Markov, I. L. (2001). Efficient optimization by modifying the objective function: Applications to timing-driven VLSI layout. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, 48(8), 947-956. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/81.940185
- Barthes, R., & Duisit, L. (1975). An introduction to the structural analysis of narrative. New literary history, 6(2), 237-272. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/468419
- Barton, Ellen. (2004). Linguistic discourse analysis: How the language in texts works. In Charles Bazerman & Paul Prior (Eds.), What writing does and how it does it (pp. 57-82). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
- Bazerman, C., and Prior, P, eds. (2003). What Writing Does And How It Does It: An Introduction To Analyzing Texts And Textual Practices. London: Rutledge, 84-94. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410609526 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410609526
- Bhabha, H. K. (2004). The Location of Culture. London: Routledge.
- Eubanks, P. (2004). Poetics and narrativity: How texts tell stories, in C. Bazerman and P. Prior (eds) What writing does and how it does it: An introduction to analyzing texts and textual practices, pp. 33–56. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Gee, J. P. (1996) Social linguistics and literacies: Ideology in discourses, 2nd edition. London: Taylor & Francis.
- Genette, G. (1997) Paratexts: Thresholds of Interpretation, translated by Jane E. Lewin and foreword by Richard Macksey, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Haynes, Natalie. “Home Fire by Kamila Shamsie Review – a Contemporary Reworking of Sophocles.†The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 10 Aug. 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/aug/10/home-fire-kamila-shamsie-review
- Huckin, T. (2004). Content analysis: What texts talk about. In C. Bazerman (Ed.), What writing does and how it does it: An introduction to analyzing texts and textual practices (pp. 13–32). Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Jesus, M. and Alfaro, M. (1996). Intertextuality: origins and development of the concept. Atlantis, 18(1/2), 268-285.
- Keenoy, T, & Cliff, O,. (2003). Organizing textscapes. Organization Studies, 25, 135–142. https://doi.org/10.1 177/0170840604038184 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840604038184
- Kristeva, J. (1986). Word, Dialogue and Novel. The Kristeva Reader. Ed. Toril Moi. New York: Columbia UP, 1986, 34–61.
- Lundin, A. (1998) Intertextuality in Children’s Literature. Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 39(3), 210–21. https://doi.org/10.2307/40324158 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/40324158
- Latham, D. (2008) “Empowering Adolescent Readers: Intertextuality in Three Novels by David Almondâ€. Children’s Literature in Education, 39, 213–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10583-007-9052-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10583-007-9052-6
- Leitch, V. B. (1983). Deconstructive Criticism: An Advanced Introduction, Hutchinson, London.
- Lundin, Anne (1998). Intertextuality in Children’s Literature. Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 39, 210–213. https://doi.org/10.2307/40324158 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/40324158
- Naderi, H., Motlaqh, B.N. (2017).The Transtextual study of ―to have and have not‖ and ―Captain Khorshid‖. International Journal of Humanities and Social Development Research, 1(1), 5-18.
- Plett, H. F. (1991). Intertextualities. Intertextuality. Ed. Heinrich F. Plett. Berlin: De Gruyter.
- Reimer, M. (2013b). Mobile Characters, mobile texts: homelessness and intertextuality in contemporary texts for young people, in Barnboken tidskrift för barnlitteraturforskning/Journal of Children’s Literature Research, 36. https://doi.org/10.14811/clr.v36i0.101 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14811/clr.v36i0.101
- Saaed, A. and Fatima, Z. (2018). Texts within Text: An Intertextual Study of Elif Shafak’s The Forty Rules of Love. NUML Journal of Critical Inquiry, 16.
- Shamsie, K,. (2017) Home Fire. London, UK: Bloomsbury Publishing.
References
Allen, G. (2006). Intertextuality. London: Routledge. Print.
Bakhtin, M. (1981) The dialogic imagination: Four essays. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Baldick, R., Kahng, A. B., Kennings, A., & Markov, I. L. (2001). Efficient optimization by modifying the objective function: Applications to timing-driven VLSI layout. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, 48(8), 947-956. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/81.940185
Barthes, R., & Duisit, L. (1975). An introduction to the structural analysis of narrative. New literary history, 6(2), 237-272. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/468419
Barton, Ellen. (2004). Linguistic discourse analysis: How the language in texts works. In Charles Bazerman & Paul Prior (Eds.), What writing does and how it does it (pp. 57-82). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Bazerman, C., and Prior, P, eds. (2003). What Writing Does And How It Does It: An Introduction To Analyzing Texts And Textual Practices. London: Rutledge, 84-94. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410609526 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410609526
Bhabha, H. K. (2004). The Location of Culture. London: Routledge.
Eubanks, P. (2004). Poetics and narrativity: How texts tell stories, in C. Bazerman and P. Prior (eds) What writing does and how it does it: An introduction to analyzing texts and textual practices, pp. 33–56. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Gee, J. P. (1996) Social linguistics and literacies: Ideology in discourses, 2nd edition. London: Taylor & Francis.
Genette, G. (1997) Paratexts: Thresholds of Interpretation, translated by Jane E. Lewin and foreword by Richard Macksey, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Haynes, Natalie. “Home Fire by Kamila Shamsie Review – a Contemporary Reworking of Sophocles.†The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 10 Aug. 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/aug/10/home-fire-kamila-shamsie-review
Huckin, T. (2004). Content analysis: What texts talk about. In C. Bazerman (Ed.), What writing does and how it does it: An introduction to analyzing texts and textual practices (pp. 13–32). Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Jesus, M. and Alfaro, M. (1996). Intertextuality: origins and development of the concept. Atlantis, 18(1/2), 268-285.
Keenoy, T, & Cliff, O,. (2003). Organizing textscapes. Organization Studies, 25, 135–142. https://doi.org/10.1 177/0170840604038184 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840604038184
Kristeva, J. (1986). Word, Dialogue and Novel. The Kristeva Reader. Ed. Toril Moi. New York: Columbia UP, 1986, 34–61.
Lundin, A. (1998) Intertextuality in Children’s Literature. Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 39(3), 210–21. https://doi.org/10.2307/40324158 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/40324158
Latham, D. (2008) “Empowering Adolescent Readers: Intertextuality in Three Novels by David Almondâ€. Children’s Literature in Education, 39, 213–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10583-007-9052-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10583-007-9052-6
Leitch, V. B. (1983). Deconstructive Criticism: An Advanced Introduction, Hutchinson, London.
Lundin, Anne (1998). Intertextuality in Children’s Literature. Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 39, 210–213. https://doi.org/10.2307/40324158 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/40324158
Naderi, H., Motlaqh, B.N. (2017).The Transtextual study of ―to have and have not‖ and ―Captain Khorshid‖. International Journal of Humanities and Social Development Research, 1(1), 5-18.
Plett, H. F. (1991). Intertextualities. Intertextuality. Ed. Heinrich F. Plett. Berlin: De Gruyter.
Reimer, M. (2013b). Mobile Characters, mobile texts: homelessness and intertextuality in contemporary texts for young people, in Barnboken tidskrift för barnlitteraturforskning/Journal of Children’s Literature Research, 36. https://doi.org/10.14811/clr.v36i0.101 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14811/clr.v36i0.101
Saaed, A. and Fatima, Z. (2018). Texts within Text: An Intertextual Study of Elif Shafak’s The Forty Rules of Love. NUML Journal of Critical Inquiry, 16.
Shamsie, K,. (2017) Home Fire. London, UK: Bloomsbury Publishing.